Thursday, December 26, 2019
How to Separate Salt and Water
Have you ever wondered how you could purify seawater to drink it or how you could separate salt from water in saltwater? Its really very simple. The two most common methods are distillation and evaporation, but there are other ways to separate the two compounds. Separate Salt and Water Using Distillation You can boil or evaporate the water and the salt will be left behind as a solid. If you want to collect the water, you can use distillation. This works because salt has a much higher boiling point than water. One way to separate salt and water at home is to boil the salt water in a pot with a lid. Offset the lid slightly so that the water that condenses on the inside of the lid will run down the side to be collected in a separate container. Congratulations! Youve just made distilled water. When all of the water has boiled off, the salt will remain in the pot. Separate Salt and Water Using Evaporation Evaporation works the same way as distillation, just at a slower rate. Pour the salt water into a shallow pan. As the water evaporates, the salt will remain behind. You can speed up the process by raising the temperature or by blowing dry air over the surface of the liquid. A variation of this method is to pour the salt water onto a piece of dark construction paper or a coffee filter. This makes recovering the salt crystals easier than scraping them out of the pan. Other Methods to Separate Salt and Water Another way to separate salt from water is to use reverse osmosis. In this process, water is forced through a permeable filter, causing the concentration of salt to increase as the water is pushed out. While this method is effective, reverse osmosis pumps are relatively expensive. However, they can be used to purify water at home or when camping. Electrodialysis can be used to purify water. Here, a negatively-charged anode and a positively-charged cathode are placed in water and separated by a porous membrane. When an electric current is applied, the anode and cathode attract the positive sodium ions and negative chlorine ions, leaving behind the purified water. Note: this process does not necessarily make the water safe to drink, since uncharged contaminants may remain. A chemical method of separating salt and water involves adding decanoic acid to salt water. The solution is heated. Upon cooling, salt precipitates out of the solution, falling to the bottom of the container. The water and decanoic acid settle into separate layers, so the water can be removed. Sources Fischetti, Mark (September 2007). Fresh from the Sea. Scientific American. 297 (3): 118–119. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0907-118Fritzmann, C; Lowenberg, J; Wintgens, T; Melin, T (2007). State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination. Desalination. 216 (1–3): 1–76. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009Khawaji, Akili D.; Kutubkhanah, Ibrahim K.; Wie, Jong-Mihn (March 2008). Advances in seawater desalination technologies. Desalination. 221 (1–3): 47–69. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.067
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Exploring The Cost Of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay - 1750 Words
Exploring the Cost of Hydraulic Fracturing in Colorado: What are the potential effects of the Tres Rio 2016 Oil and Gas Lease/Sale on Montezuma County s public health, ecological communities, and economic stability? Introduction Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a technique often administered by oil and gas companies in order to create fissures within subsurface shale formations. After a site is established, the initial step entails breaking through the soil and stone via a bit placed at the end of a drill. As the drill moves through the rock layers, it utilizes air pressure to drive fragmented rocks to the surface.The drill ceases immediately after it comes into contact with the first indication of fresh water. Once the drill is removed, cement is incorporated into the drilled hole in an effort to prevent contamination of the water source and as a safety measure. Secondary steps require a perforated gun producing high-magnitude electrical currents to be introduced down the wellbore (oil field terminology pertaining to a hole generated from oil/gas exploration), helping drive holes into the cement and ultimately enabling a channel for gas flow. The gun is then removed. Under high pressure, the drill pumps a solution of water, sand, and chemicals into the established site, allowing the gas (methane) to be released and stored. Finally, a pipeline constructed from the storage space to the consumer market supplies the gas as an energy source. Radioactive waste water alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hydraulic Fracturing On The Environment1622 Words  | 7 Pages Hydraulic Fracturing is a process which uses water to crack rock formations as a means to extract natural gas or oil. This method is highly debatable as to whether it uses too much water in areas that have fragile water sources as well as whether the process contaminates surrounding water sources. The State of Texas is a hotspot for hydraulic fracturing because of the amount of shale formations which can produce oil and natural gas. Texas is a dry state which often experiences severe droughts. ThereRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing : A Common And Widespread Technique1637 Words  | 7 PagesHydraulic fracturing has become a very common and widespread technique, especially in North America, due to technological advances that have allowed extracting natural gas from so-called unconventional reservoirs (tight sands, coal beds and shale formations). The socalled high volume hydraulic fracturing (with treatments typically an order of magnitude larger than the conventional fracturing procedures) began in 1968. This was complemented by horizontal drilling since the late 1980s, and the useRead MoreBenefits Of Hydraulic Fracturing Outweigh Risks2041 Words  | 9 PagesBenefits of Hydraulic Fracturing Outweigh Risks Hydraulic fracturing, or more commonly known as ‘fracking’ is a technique designed by engineers to open fissures deep within shale to extract oil and natural gas. The practice involves using large amounts of high-pressured water along with proppants, usually sand, and a small amount of a chemical solution. The diagram below pictures the process of hydraulic fracturing. In the last few years, hydraulic fracturing has become a popular topic of debateRead MoreHydrofracking - Social Context of Business2663 Words  | 11 PagesEvaluation of Talisman Energy’s Hydraulic Fracturing Practises in Hudson Hope ABSTRACT To meet the demand of oil in today’s oil dependent society, Talisman Energy is looking to exploit a mine located in Hudson Hope, British Colombia. The most suitable extraction process is hydraulic fracturing, which currently presents several environmental concerns to the residents located near the mine, and a representation of the general public who believe that hydraulic fracturing is not an ethical method ofRead MoreFracking : A Modern Technique1680 Words  | 7 Pagesgelatinous material and ball bearing which accepting the pressurise fluids to escape of again – along with the gas. Shanon (2011) said â€Å"Thousands of gallons gelatinous materials are pumped under extremely high pressure followed by jet turbines for the fracturing of rock formations.†Source: www.google.com/image/fracking source: http://www.fraw.org.uk/ideas/fracking/index.html The first natural gas well drilled in the US by Devonian Shale in 1821.Than at 1860s, stimulator like Liquid solidified NitroRead MoreFracking: Natural Gas1936 Words  | 8 Pagesgelatinous material and ball bearing which accepting the pressurise fluids to escape of again – along with the gas. Shanon (2011) said â€Å"Thousands of gallons gelatinous materials are pumped under extremely high pressure followed by jet turbines for the fracturing of rock formations.†Source: www.google.com/image/fracking source: http://www.fraw.org.uk/ideas/fracking/index.html The first natural gas well drilled in the US by Devonian Shale in 1821.Than at 1860s, stimulator like LiquidRead MoreOil And Gas Site Conservation Essay3097 Words  | 13 Pagesas fracking. According to the Texas Railroad Commission, fracking began in Texas in the 1950s although the commission does not track the number of wells that were hydraulically fractured. Hydraulic Fracturing or Fracking is a process of pressuring a zone or portion of the drilled well to the point of fracturing or cracking the surrounding rock. The process requires millions of gallons of water which is mixed with numerous chemicals sometimes sand or other substances to prevent the cracks from closingRead MoreIndia s Production Of Shale Gas3074 Words  | 13 Pagescountries energy production self- sufficient and avoid their power plants to use fossil fuels and cause air pollution. However, renewable energy development still encounters challenges related to certain economic and environmental aspects like the high cost of technology used on its production, exploitation of vast portion of land, risk of toxic chemicals spills and soil erosion. As well the impact of construction of industrial plants, roads and transmission lines. Geothermal, wind, solar, hydroelectricRead MoreStrategic Decision Making Process Adopted By Exxonmobil Corporation3456 Words  | 14 Pagesglobally †¢ The growth abilities and state of the art research facilities †¢ Strong oil and gas reserves †¢ Reduction in the financial performance in recent year †¢ Emergencies and litigation issues †¢ Reduction in liquidity †¢ Upward trend on production cost OPPORTUNITIES THREATS †¢ Increased new oil and gas ventures – global likely emerging discoveries †¢ Rising demand for energy sources-oil and gas †¢ Unconventional oil and gas resources. †¢ Upstream and downstream development creativities †¢ Changing environmentalRead MoreEnergy And Other Natural Resources1935 Words  | 8 Pagesof energy to power the machines that would automate tasks that were once done by humans (Owen et al. 2010). Energy sources such as oil and natural gas, produce significantly larger amounts of energy than the outgoing technologies. Additionally, exploring for, developing, and extracting the energy resources demanded new technologies and exploration techniques. Oil Crude oil is a non-renewable resource extracted from the Earth and used in energy production (as well as other sectors.) Two types
Monday, December 9, 2019
The Great Encounter of China and the West free essay sample
The book The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800 was written by History Professor D.E.Mungello. His work provides us many information and ideas of the intercultural exchanges and interactions between Ming, Manchu and the West, through the last two dynasties of China. This book also shows us the acceptance and rejection of cultures, Christianity, and Confucianism of Chinese and Europeans. The book was divided into five chapters: (1) Historical Overview, (2) Chinese Acceptance of Western Culture and Christianity, (3) Chinese Rejection of Western Culture and Christianity, (4) European Acceptance of Chinese Culture and Confucianism, and (5) European Rejection of Chinese Culture and Confucianism. China, with its history of more than four thousand years, always has a great national spirit. In fact, if you travel to China even nowadays, it is not easy for you to find a person who can speak English fluently. Chinese people speak Chinese language all the time as it is their pride. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Encounter of China and the West or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the period between 1500 and 1800, the Western economy was in a strong and sustainable development with many technological achievements. At that time, Chinese people adopted many aspects of European culture and religion, however, they did not absorb totally. Chinese people still respected and preserved their national characters. The first arrival of the Europeans was like a new fresh breath of air to the Chinese. They were interested in Western lifestyle and thoughts. They found out a mutual fascination for each others culture and religion. They started to get along with and admire each other. However, the road to assimilation was very abrupt. The result was both China and Europe rejecting the other culture and religion. Both cultures were so eager and attracted by the similarities of their moral teachings and philosophies. Francis Xavier (1506-1552) was the founder of the Jesuit China mission, whose efforts were an inspiration to later Jesuits even though he was never able to penetrate into Mainland China. The Jesuit China mission played a significant role in the transmission of learning, science achievements, cultures, and religions between The West and China. Xavier’s successor- the most famous Jesuit was an Italian Father- Matteo Ricci, S.J. (1552-1610.) He arrived in Macau in 1582 and then became one of the founders of who led the Jesuit missionary movement in China at the end of the sixteen century. Matteo visited Zhaoqing and here he drew the very first world map in Chinese by using European Cartography. Its use of Jesuit accommodation was shown in placing China near the center of the map, thereby accommodating the Sinocentric view of their country as the Middle Kingdom (Zhongguo.) Ricci was then allowed to enter the Forbidden City by the Ming Emperor- he became the very first Westerner who could have this special favor. Ricci had many opportunities to contact with many Chinese literati and he himself admired a lot of aspects of Chinese culture and nature, such as the enormous size, its populace, the diversity of its crops, its favorable climate, the industry of its people, and its Confucian morality. However, he was very critical of Buddhist and Daoist monks. As of the rules, they are not allowed to get married or have sexual interactions. That was why later Ricci changed his mind to the Chinese literati and Confucian scholars. Ricci also disagreed with the slavery system of China at that time. During three centuries, many of religions from Europe had sent over their missionaries to China.
Monday, December 2, 2019
Kkk Essays - White Supremacy In The United States,
Kkk The big responsibility of cleansing the United States of people that are different, different being anyone who is not a white Aryan Christian, has been placed upon the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) takes it upon themselves to take part in ethnic cleansing. The KKK will not speak out and come to agreements on peaceful terms. Instead, they feel they must wreak havoc, and carnage to those who they feel need it. The Ku Klux Klan began almost accidentally during the reconstruction period after the Civil War in the South. The southern people had suffered greatly from the effects of the war. Many of which had lost their homes, plantations, loved ones, and whatever possessions they might have had. These people needed to escape from the troubles of everyday life and take matters into their own hands and fix the problems. They needed to teach lessons to the Republicans and people from the north trying to take over their way of life (commonly called carpet baggers). They needed to teach the Negroes who their master was and who their master would always be, by using whatever means necessary to make sure their point of view was completely understood. In 1865, six men from a small town in Tennessee decided to make a club to help release the stresses of the times. The men were really poor and could not afford to make gowns or great costumes for the group, so they decided to use linens. They wore the linens over their backs and put pillowcases on their heads . They also draped the linens over their horses. The Ku Klux Klan was ready to ride for the first time. In the beginning, the men wanted to do nothing more than play pranks on people to put fear into those who fear needed to be brought to, specifically the infesting African American population, and carpetbaggers. They felt as though the South had turned into a place that was no longer theirs. The slaves were now free (many of these men were slave owners) and carpetbaggers were coming from the North to take advantage of the southern people . They saw the opportunity to set the South back to what it had been. The Klan soon began to interrupt political rallies of the carpetbaggers by the dozens. Showing off the power of the KKK. People often fled the rallies out of fear. As their influence progressed they realized the things they could do and the possibilities of the Klan. They would steal victims' possessions, beat them and usually would kill them. These murders that took place were known as lynchings. They would drag the person to the center of the town and hang them in front of everyone.? This method was very effective, people feared it would happen to themselves if they had anything to do with the carpetbaggers or blacks. At the beginning the cause was necessary because of the strict, and unfair policies of the republicans. Things had became uneven in southern society yet again, uneven in favor of the African American, and as time progressed so did the brutality of the KKK. The murder, the killing, the lynching, the dragging across state lines were all common practices among the KKK during the late 1850's and throughout the 1860's. The KKK started in Tene ssee and this was where the Klan expanded the most out of all the other souther states, and it is was also the most violent chapter of the KKK. In 1868 was really when havoc began to occur in the most brutal ways. Their sudden descent into terrorism is a product of the group getting away from the control of the leadership. Much of the brutal activities of the Klan were done without the knowledge of the leaders. The Klansmen must have enjoyed their brutalities to go above and beyond the duty that was asked of them. Their were several occasions were leaders would step in and try to restore order amongst their fellow Klansmen. In June of 1868 the Grand Giant of Maury County, Tennessee secretly reorganized his Klan to root out the disorderly members. On top, of the rooting out he issued a public
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. The WritePass Journal
The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. Abstract Risk RecognitionsRisk Descriptions  Problems/Events of web software designing risks:1)     Inappropriate Designing:2)     Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning:3)     Inadequate quality attributes verification and user satisfaction:  Risk Impact and Probability Ranking:Extenuation and Eventuality PlansRisk Extenuation/Mitigation Planning: Eventuality/Contingency Planning:  Inappropriate Required Statements:Wrong Cost Estimation:High stress of users than expectation:Lack of use of Advanced Technology: Lack of use of training on Equipments Inexperienced Staff:Budgetary Prepositions of Mitigation and Contingency Plans:1)   Web designing risk:                                                                                                                                                                                2)   Scheduling and budgetary planning risk:                                                                                                                                                                                3)  Quality and User Satisfaction Risk:                                                                                                                                                                                  RISKIT Analysis Graph: 1)   Web Designing Strategy:                                                                                                       2)  Scheduling and Budgetary Planning :                                                                                                                                               3)   Quality attributes Customer Satisfaction:                                                                         Valuable Risk Management Lifecycle:Appendix B: ReferencesRelated Abstract The delivery of comprehensive web software designing projects within the desired financial and quality attributes can be delayed on time due to the organizational problems, high rate of complexity and variable risks impacts in software project. The supervision and development process of web software designing is more difficult. So, it is important that to specify and investigate these software risks within the proper assessment and management. In this paper, the analysis and assessment of these risks should be done by the using of probabilistic measurements. This analysis should be useful for the qualitative and quantitative measurements of risk in the web designing and implementation of effective risk management process.  Risk Recognitions Risks are future unsure tasks with a likelihood of incidents and a prospective for failure. Risk classification and management are the major anxiety in every software project. The effectual analysis of software risks assessment will be helpful for the competent planning and tasks of effort to classify risk attributes. There are aspects of risks in web software designing project, internal and external risks. The internal risks should be related to the risk issues within the organization and external risks are out of the organization and these are complicated to handle in project. A web software projects also have a high degree of uncertainty due to the explicit requirements from end users side and modified technical qualities. So, the critical factors or risks that’s could affect the change of project phases and establishment area are as follows, Inappropriate designing, Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning, Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning and Ina dequate quality attributes verification and user satisfaction. The flow diagram of web software risks are given below Risk Descriptions The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. The different level of risks planning and strategy is an important parameter that’s having a variable affects on project establishment/firm. So, the low level of risk strategies affects the expected outcomes due to unpredicted events. While high level of risk strategies should provide higher profitable outcomes. The different aspects and methodologies of risk specifications/Descriptions are as follows   Problems/Events of web software designing risks: The following events or problems of the web designing risks are as follows 1)     Inappropriate Designing: Incessant varying constraints A lack use of advanced technology Complexity in Implementation section Complicated project modules assimilation Failure to address priority inconsistency Failure to admit the responsibilities Inappropriate instructions, scheduling and communication between team members 2)     Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning: Inadequate information of software tools A lack of project estimations Sluggish management life cycle Lack of budgetary resources Inadequate knowledge about technical equipments Inappropriate security plans Inadequate documentation of designing methodology 3)     Inadequate quality attributes verification and user satisfaction: Lack of observation and unrealistic changing Inadequate budgetary plans Wrong time changing in technology and management process Failure in financial planning A lack of commitment between end users and software developer Lack of project definitions and attributes Varying customer invention policies and priorities   Risk Impact and Probability Ranking: The probability and impact array shows a risk rating task for the identification of risks. Then each risk is rated according to its probability of incidence and impact upon purposes. The overall assessment of risk impact ranking show that the appropriate services level within the project is affected or stable. Risk: It is the product of probability and impact factor Risk=Likelihood  Impact influence Probability: The chance of the risks/events occurring or not Impact: The outcomes/end result if the risk should be occurred The risk impact matrix definitions are Impact Criteria Impact Explanation Crucial (C) If the risk actions is occurred then project will collapse Severe (S) If the risk actions is occurred then project will be encounter, main portion of expenditure is increases Modest (Mo) If the risk events is happened then the project will be encounter, a modest portion of project expenditure is increases Minor (Mi) If the risk actions is occurred then the project will be encounter, a minute portion of project cost is increases Negligible (N)  If the risk actions is occurred then nothing will be changed in project expenditure (Fig.2) The probability chart/array definitions are Probability Criteria Probability (%) Explanation 0-20 Rare chances that risk will occur 21-40 Improbable the risk will occur 41-60 Even Probably the risk will occur 61-80 To be expected that risk will occur 81-100  Extremely that risk will occur (Fig-3) The table of risk awareness area and risk conditions of the project gives the impact of risk occurrence which is useful to decide the overall efficiency of working. The table of risk impact in different dimensions is given below                                 Risk Severity Table Risk Numbering  Risks  Probability (%)  Impact  Intensity  (R1) Poor mission strategy and Targets 15 C Low   (R2) Poor decision-making Management Support 25 S Medium   (R3) Lack of Customers Participation 12 Mi Low   (R4) Lack of Technical Knowledge 40 C Medium   (R5) Unclear statement of requirements objectives 65 S High   (R6) Lack of project scheduling estimating 42 Mo Low  (R7) Lack of advanced Technology use 75 C High   (R8) Lack of Managerial Experience 62 Mo High  (R9) Lack of communication gap b/w staff members, stakeholders and end users 70 C Medium  (R10) Lack of budgetary Supply Planning 60 S High  (R11) Lack of key Stakeholders involvement 35 Mi Low  (R12) Customers unconvinced at project deliverance 40 Mo Medium (Fig-4) The risk impact and probability ranking graph/chart is based on the two fundamental dimensions of risk. In this graph, the risk that will be occurring is plotted on the abscissa (x-axis) and impact of risk on ordinate (y-axis). By the using of these two measures, risks are plotted on the graph. This scenario provides a swift and apparent vision of the priorities that should be needed in each stage. Then we decided that what contingency plans should be needed to handle and managed the meticulous risk areas. The fundamental structure of the risk impact and probability ranking graph is shown below Risk impact and Probability Ranking Graph                                                                                        (Fig.5)                 = Low                   = Medium = High Extenuation and Eventuality Plans Risk Extenuation/Mitigation Planning: The risk extenuation is the technical strategic/sub process of risk management to address the risks that occurred in an organization/project. The purpose of risk mitigation is to identify the risk factors in the organization and operational system, measure their effects and reduce these risk factors before the implementation of project. The risk mitigation is the systematic technique that used by the management team to minimize the risk factors and stabilized the project strategy and plans. The risk extenuation planning can be achieved by the using of following methodology options: Risk Postulation: In this, accept the risk with the consideration of eventuality planning and continue operating system of development to minimize the risk up to standard intensity. Risk Evading: In this, avoid the risk by the eradicating of risk factors and use alternative approaches to reduce the risk at lower level. Risk Mitigation: Reducing the probability and impact factors by the using of different methodologies and continually check the circumstances of risk conditions. It includes the appraisals, surveys, risk avoidance milestones etc. Risk Transference: In this, transfer the risk to other party when an opportunity of risk reduction is available. Risk Rescheduling: In this stage, rescheduling all portion of project strategy. So that risk level is less likely to take place.  Eventuality/Contingency Planning: The eventuality planning is logical approaches of risk management to identify the risk impacts that take place in project. The contingency strategy can be used before and after the occurrence of risks. The contingency planning should be reliable when the following aspects should be considered: Analyze which key risks are potential and jeopardize the project. Prioritize the risks in the conditions of their intensity. Analyze which risk events are under control and which ones are out of control. Evaluate the contingency planning on those risk events that are under the supervision of management team. The risk extenuation and eventuality planning flowchart is shown below (Fig.6) (Fig.6) Therefore the proposed extenuation and eventuality strategies of the selected risks within the project is as follow   Inappropriate Required Statements: This type of risk is a major factor that affects the project scheduling, quality attributes and budgetary plans. Such type of risk is preventable if the proper mitigation tasks should be utilized and these are 1)  Control the comprehensible understanding of stakeholder’s requirements. 2)  Built up the communication system and reduce the gap between customers and project members. 3)  Split up the end users into different categories according to their field of interest. 4) Deliver clear feasibility requirements to end users and stakeholders throughout project. 5) Provide a workshop of group based requirements and design technique to the end users, stakeholders and project members. Wrong Cost Estimation: Adequate cost estimation is the major problem in the web software planning process. The precise cost estimation is the valuable success factor in the software planning as well as in risk development cycle. The cost estimation of software planning depends upon three factors a) Individual exertion                                                                              b)  Time interval                                                                                          c)   Budgetary resources                                                                                                                                                                                 The mitigation and contingency strategies of such type risk are as follows 1)  Reduce the wrong cost estimation risk by the suitable selection of best cost estimation model in earlier time.                                                                                                                                                                                 2)  Use Empirical Cost Estimation (ECE) and Analytical model to minimize and control the inappropriate investment.                                                                                                                                                                                 3)  Provide an appropriate size method of conclusion b/w current and past projects.                                                                                                                                                                                4)  The selected cost estimation model and complexity of projects should be explained to the stakeholders.                                                                                                                                                                                 5)  Hire experienced cost estimators that avoid the complexity of project cost before starting.                                                                                        6)  When the duration of the project unknown then squeezed down the project activities into significant path.                                                                                         7) The project manager should visualize the cause of delay and discussed with stakeholders and team members for alternative route.                                                                                          High stress of users than expectation: Such type of the risk impact is avoidable and having a less impact intensity on overall progress. The behavior of end users in sometimes is variable and creates problems in the development of project. Their mitigation strategies are as follows 1) Built up the generous level of communication and understanding b/w customers and deliver clear features of requirements. Then the unrealistic stress b/w users and staff members are controlled.                                                                                         2)  Provide a non serviceable prototype to end users if they are overexcited in the progress of project.                                                                                                                                                                                 Lack of use of Advanced Technology: This type of the risk factor create a difficulties in operation section and such type of factor is occurred due to the following technical issues 1)  Inadequate sources of skilled equipments for explicit technology.                                                                                                                                                                                 2) Supplementary funding is required.                                                                                                                                                                                  3) Failure to evaluate the maintainability.                                                                                                                                                                                  4) Client conflicts for the technology.                                                                                                                                                                                  The mitigation strategy of such type of situations is as follows 1)  Select the appropriate use of technology according to the condition of project in the starting time so that all issues should be considers in mean time.                                                                                         2)   The association of best technology use should be carried out through the project.                                                                                                                                                                                The association of best technology use should be carried out through the project. 3)  The key stakeholders of the project should be familiar to the use unambiguous technology.                                                                                                                                                                                  Lack of use of training on Equipments Inexperienced Staff: The impact of such type of risk is minor and remunerated by the using of different techniques. The impact of such type of risk factor is not transferred to the next stages. But develop a short duration of delay. Their mitigation strategies are as follows 1)   If an appropriate funding is not available then project manager should negotiate with less experienced staff with supplementary training.                                                                                                                                                                               2)   The slack activities can be used in the next stage of training.                                                                                         3)   Select a careful consideration of staff member’s selection.                                                                                                                                                                      consideration of staff member’s selection. 4)   The experienced staff should be selected for significant task and they make sure that no delay is probable during the project process.                                                                                        Budgetary Prepositions of Mitigation and Contingency Plans: In this process, the budgetary analysis of all resources, implementation control of project aspects and possible mitigation contingency feasibility reports should be conducted for the purpose and establishment of financial circumstances. The budgetary prepositions analysis can be qualitative/quantitative and utilized for the purpose of risk reduction in different level of project stages. So, the Expected Monetary Vale (EMV) can be used for the measurements of budgetary prepositions of mitigation and contingency plans. (EMV) is the product of likelihood risk occurrence and monetary outcome of risk occurrence. Mathematically, It can be expressed as EMV=Probability (P)  Monetary Outcome (O) The EMV of the project can be calculated by using this expression P (EMV) =Project expenditure + Risk Impact cost Occasion probable cost Where Project expenditure: Preliminary estimated cost of the project Risk Impact cost: The cost for the reduction of probability/Impact of project risks              Occasion probable cost: The cost cover risk that occur during the project In this process, risk is directly proportional to cost and inversely proportional to profit. On other hand, the probable occasion is directly proportional to profit and inversely proportional to the cost.                            According to web designing process of project InterLinc, the budget descriptions for web server, internet services, client training, networking server, information support centre, quality assertion etc are given below Budget Summary Services Estimated Budget for Services ($) Quality Assurance 6500 Web Server Web Training 22000 Network Server 19800 Web Browser Access 38400 Telecommunication Services 45625 Customer Training Services 4456 Miscellaneous Services 14165 Total Cost 150946         (Fig -7) Now, the expected (EMV) of mitigation and contingency plans for the avoidance of risks from web software project is shown below EMV Budgetary Summary Risks No. Risk Conditions P (%) O ($) EMV ($) R1 Lack of use of Advanced Technology 0.75 67500 50625 R2 Lack of training on equipment Inexperience staff 0.65 4850 31528.9 R3 Wrong Cost estimation 0.42 58602 24612.84 R4 End users dissatisfaction 0.12 3560 427.2 R5 Inappropriate Supply requirements 0.55 21280 11704 Total 118897.94 (Fig-8) Risk Management Techniques The main objective of risk management techniques is to identify the potential/hazard risk factors on the point of view of their technical management aspects before they take place in the project. There is lots of techniques methodology that manage the risk factors within the project but we have to discuss only two of them. Ishikawa/Fishbone Diagram:                                                                                    Fishbone diagram is also called cause and effect diagram. This diagram are use to explain/analyze the causes and effects of risks that occur in the organization/project. The fishbone diagram for the effects and causes of risks within the project are given below 1)   Web designing risk:                                                                                                                                                                                (Fig.9) 2)   Scheduling and budgetary planning risk:                                                                                                                                                                                3)  Quality and User Satisfaction Risk:                                                                                                                                                                                  RISKIT Analysis Graph: The RISKIT Analysis Graph is a diagrammatical formulation that can be used to identify the different features of risk factors that are more officially. This method is look like a tool that provides a link of communication during risk mitigation and contingency planning.  The RISKIT Analysis Graph is useful for the decomposing of potential risks process into well defined elements. The diagram of their different elements are shown below The RISKIT Analysis Graph for the selected risk factors, causes and effects within the project are given below 1)   Web Designing Strategy:                                                                                                       2)  Scheduling and Budgetary Planning :                                                                                                                                               3)   Quality attributes Customer Satisfaction:                                                                         Valuable Risk Management Lifecycle: The risk management life cycle is designed for the quick response of risk in the organization/project. So, the valuable management lifecycle of the RISKIT Analysis Graph is given below Appendix A: Table of Figures               Figure 1: Risk Classification Figure 2: Impact Criteria Figure 3: Probability Criteria Figure 4: Risk Severity Figure 5: Risk Impact and Probability ranking graph Figure 6: Risk Mitigation Plan Figure 7 8: EMV Budgetary Summary Figure 9 to 11: Fishbone Diagram Figure 12 to 15: RISKIT Analysis Graph Figure 16: Risk Management Lifecycle Appendix B: References Kwak, Y Stoddard, J 2004, Project Risk Management,5th ed. Technovation: 915-920. Boehm, B.W 1991, Software Risk Management, New York: McGraw-Hill, Vol.41 pp. 32-41. Han, W Huang, S. 2007, An Empirical Analysis of Risk Components and Performance on Software Projects. Systems and Software, Vol.80, pp.42-50 Sengupta, B Chandra, S 2006, A Research Agenda for Distributed Software Development. Shanghai: ACM. pp. 731 – 740 Offut, J 2009: Quality Attributes of Web Software Applications, IEEE Software, vol19, pp. 25-32. Keshlaf, A Hashim, K 2000, A Model and Prototype Tool to Manage Software Risks, IEEE Computer Society. pp. 297–305. Charette, R 1989,Software Engineering Risk Analysis and Management, New York, McGraw-Hill. pp. 10-15. Sommerville, I 2004: Mitigating Risk with effective requirements, New Jersey, pp 12-28. Boehm, Barry W. 1997, Introduction to Software Risk Risk Management, viewed on 20 April 2011, baz.com/kjordan/swse625/intro.html. Booker, G.2003, Software Project Risk Management Organization, INFO 638, Lecture #2, Drexel Univ., viewed on 25April 2011, http://users.snip.net/~gbooker/INFO638/lect2.ppt. Hashemian, V.2003, The Riskit Method for Software Risk Management, Univ. of Waterloo, viewed on 6 May 2011, cs.uwaterloo.ca/~apidduck/CS846/Seminars/vahid.pdf. Hall, Elaine M 1998, Managing risk: methods for software systems development, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. Joyce Statz, Don Oxley Patrick OToole 1997, Identifying and Managing Risks for Software Process Improvement, Crosstalk, pp. 13-18.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
The Connotation of Opportunistic
The Connotation of Opportunistic The Connotation of Opportunistic The Connotation of Opportunistic By Maeve Maddox Thanks to reader Rob Wright for pointing out the problematic use of the word opportunistic. He offers two examples of its misuse: 1. A radio advertisement telling listeners, â€Å"now is an opportunistic time to invest in real estate.†2. A television host defending someone against the charge of â€Å"being opportunistic.†The host argued, â€Å"everyone should be opportunistic because it would be stupid to throw away opportunities.†The problem in both examples is that the word opportunistic is being used without regard to the word’s established negative connotations. opportunistic: Taking immediate advantage, often unethically, of any circumstance of possible benefit. (American Heritage) opportunistic: Exploiting opportunities with little regard to principle or consequences. (Merriam-Webster) The OED defines opportunistic as â€Å"involving, displaying, or characterized by opportunism.†and opportunism as â€Å"the practice or policy of exploiting circumstances or opportunities to gain immediate advantage with the implication of cynicism or lack of regard to principles.†This misunderstanding of the negative connotation of opportunistic is apparently widespread. An investing site has as its tagline: â€Å"Emphasizes an opportunistic, value-oriented and risk-controlled approach to investments.†A wrestler preparing for a match says, â€Å"I dont want to think too much in there. I want to be more opportunistic and let it flow.†A headline on another investment site exclaims, â€Å"The Intel of NFC: One ‘Ground Floor’ Stock Every Opportunistic Investor Should Snap Up Today.†Other sites, many of them having to do with antisocial behavior, employ opportunistic in its more usual sense. Bullieslack self-discipline, are egotistic, exploitative, rapacious, opportunistic, driven, reckless, and callous. (site with the title, â€Å"Coping with Stalking and Stalkers†) Narcissists are opportunistic. They can make a show of being generous but their generosity usually has strings attached. (Support site for people who have family members suffering from a personality disorder.) Several English words having to do with opportunity derive from the same Latin source as opportunistic: ob portum veniens, a term that referred to coming into a port, where opportunities for profit were to be found. opportune: adj. Appropriate or suitable for a particular action; fit, convenient. opportuneness: noun The fact or quality of being opportune (in various senses); timeliness. opportunely: adv. In an opportune manner; suitably, conveniently. These words lack the pejorative connotation of opportunistic. For example, the radio announcer might have said â€Å"now is an opportune time to invest in real estate.†The television host might reasonably admire people for acting opportunely when a profitable occasion presents itself. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowA While vs AwhileOne Scissor?
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Diversity Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Diversity Analysis - Case Study Example To deal with situations like that of Tyson's, a parent in-service program will be organized. This program will include education to parents about the children at risk where action is not taken when problems are first seen. The school will call medical specialists including several psychologists that would clearly explain the importance of treatment of these symptoms early on n the lives of the children so that they can live a normal and health life. The most important objective of this parent in-service program would be to convince the parents to allow certain actions to be taken when these problems are identified and that it is not a cause of alarm for the parents as everything will end up fine if timely action is taken. Tyson is a new second grade student at Kanner Elementary School, considered to be the best elementary school in the district. He previously attended a private school and is having problems adjusting in his new class. His teacher has informed the principal about the kinds of difficulties Tyson is facing, and has asked for proper guidance to the way he should be handled. The principal has been at her designation for the last two years and never had any administration experience before that. Kanner Elementary School contains children having a variety of ethnic backgrounds, and houses a large population of children from poor families. The community is very supportive to the school. Tyson's father thinks that there is nothing wrong with his son, although a neurologist diagnosed him as having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. He was not cooperative with the principal of either this school or the previous one. He might come to the school with his wife for a conference, and they bot h think Tyson might again need a change of school. (Ubben; Hughes; Norris, 2001) 2) Identify the problem in a single sentence. Tyson is having difficulties adjusting in his new class but his father is not at all helpful in changing this fact, and wants to change his school a second time. 3) Select significant information and categorize it according
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)