How to Separate Salt and Water

Have you ever wondered how you could purify seawater to drink it or how you could separate salt from water in saltwater? Its really very simple. The two most common methods are distillation and evaporation, but there are other ways to separate the two compounds. Separate Salt and Water Using Distillation You can boil or evaporate the water and the salt will be left behind as a solid. If you want to collect the water, you can use distillation. This works because salt has a much higher boiling point than water. One way to separate salt and water at home is to boil the salt water in a pot with a lid. Offset the lid slightly so that the water that condenses on the inside of the lid will run down the side to be collected in a separate container. Congratulations! Youve just made distilled water. When all of the water has boiled off, the salt will remain in the pot. Separate Salt and Water Using Evaporation Evaporation works the same way as distillation, just at a slower rate. Pour the salt water into a shallow pan. As the water evaporates, the salt will remain behind. You can speed up the process by raising the temperature or by blowing dry air over the surface of the liquid. A variation of this method is to pour the salt water onto a piece of dark construction paper or a coffee filter. This makes recovering the salt crystals easier than scraping them out of the pan. Other Methods to Separate Salt and Water Another way to separate salt from water is to use reverse osmosis. In this process, water is forced through a permeable filter, causing the concentration of salt to increase as the water is pushed out. While this method is effective, reverse osmosis pumps are relatively expensive. However, they can be used to purify water at home or when camping. Electrodialysis can be used to purify water. Here, a negatively-charged anode and a positively-charged cathode are placed in water and separated by a porous membrane. When an electric current is applied, the anode and cathode attract the positive sodium ions and negative chlorine ions, leaving behind the purified water. Note: this process does not necessarily make the water safe to drink, since uncharged contaminants may remain. A chemical method of separating salt and water involves adding decanoic acid to salt water. The solution is heated. Upon cooling, salt precipitates out of the solution, falling to the bottom of the container. The water and decanoic acid settle into separate layers, so the water can be removed. Sources Fischetti, Mark (September 2007). Fresh from the Sea. Scientific American. 297 (3): 118–119. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0907-118Fritzmann, C; Lowenberg, J; Wintgens, T; Melin, T (2007). State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination. Desalination. 216 (1–3): 1–76. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009Khawaji, Akili D.; Kutubkhanah, Ibrahim K.; Wie, Jong-Mihn (March 2008). Advances in seawater desalination technologies. Desalination. 221 (1–3): 47–69. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.067

Exploring The Cost Of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay - 1750 Words

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The Great Encounter of China and the West free essay sample

The book The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800 was written by History Professor D.E.Mungello. His work provides us many information and ideas of the intercultural exchanges and interactions between Ming, Manchu and the West, through the last two dynasties of China. This book also shows us the acceptance and rejection of cultures, Christianity, and Confucianism of Chinese and Europeans. The book was divided into five chapters: (1) Historical Overview, (2) Chinese Acceptance of Western Culture and Christianity, (3) Chinese Rejection of Western Culture and Christianity, (4) European Acceptance of Chinese Culture and Confucianism, and (5) European Rejection of Chinese Culture and Confucianism. China, with its history of more than four thousand years, always has a great national spirit. In fact, if you travel to China even nowadays, it is not easy for you to find a person who can speak English fluently. Chinese people speak Chinese language all the time as it is their pride. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Encounter of China and the West or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the period between 1500 and 1800, the Western economy was in a strong and sustainable development with many technological achievements. At that time, Chinese people adopted many aspects of European culture and religion, however, they did not absorb totally. Chinese people still respected and preserved their national characters. The first arrival of the Europeans was like a new fresh breath of air to the Chinese. They were interested in Western lifestyle and thoughts. They found out a mutual fascination for each others culture and religion. They started to get along with and admire each other. However, the road to assimilation was very abrupt. The result was both China and Europe rejecting the other culture and religion. Both cultures were so eager and attracted by the similarities of their moral teachings and philosophies. Francis Xavier (1506-1552) was the founder of the Jesuit China mission, whose efforts were an inspiration to later Jesuits even though he was never able to penetrate into Mainland China. The Jesuit China mission played a significant role in the transmission of learning, science achievements, cultures, and religions between The West and China. Xavier’s successor- the most famous Jesuit was an Italian Father- Matteo Ricci, S.J. (1552-1610.) He arrived in Macau in 1582 and then became one of the founders of who led the Jesuit missionary movement in China at the end of the sixteen century. Matteo visited Zhaoqing and here he drew the very first world map in Chinese  by using European Cartography. Its use of Jesuit accommodation was shown in placing China near the center of the map, thereby accommodating the Sinocentric view of their country as the Middle Kingdom (Zhongguo.) Ricci was then allowed to enter the Forbidden City by the Ming Emperor- he became the very first Westerner who could have this special favor. Ricci had many opportunities to contact with many Chinese literati and he himself admired a lot of aspects of Chinese culture and nature, such as the enormous size, its populace, the diversity of its crops, its favorable climate, the industry of its people, and its Confucian morality. However, he was very critical of Buddhist and Daoist monks. As of the rules, they are not allowed to get married or have sexual interactions. That was why later Ricci changed his mind to the Chinese literati and Confucian scholars. Ricci also disagreed with the slavery system of China at that time. During three centuries, many of religions from Europe had sent over their missionaries to China.

Kkk Essays - White Supremacy In The United States,

Kkk The big responsibility of cleansing the United States of people that are different, different being anyone who is not a white Aryan Christian, has been placed upon the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) takes it upon themselves to take part in ethnic cleansing. The KKK will not speak out and come to agreements on peaceful terms. Instead, they feel they must wreak havoc, and carnage to those who they feel need it. The Ku Klux Klan began almost accidentally during the reconstruction period after the Civil War in the South. The southern people had suffered greatly from the effects of the war. Many of which had lost their homes, plantations, loved ones, and whatever possessions they might have had. These people needed to escape from the troubles of everyday life and take matters into their own hands and fix the problems. They needed to teach lessons to the Republicans and people from the north trying to take over their way of life (commonly called carpet baggers). They needed to teach the Negroes who their master was and who their master would always be, by using whatever means necessary to make sure their point of view was completely understood. In 1865, six men from a small town in Tennessee decided to make a club to help release the stresses of the times. The men were really poor and could not afford to make gowns or great costumes for the group, so they decided to use linens. They wore the linens over their backs and put pillowcases on their heads . They also draped the linens over their horses. The Ku Klux Klan was ready to ride for the first time. In the beginning, the men wanted to do nothing more than play pranks on people to put fear into those who fear needed to be brought to, specifically the infesting African American population, and carpetbaggers. They felt as though the South had turned into a place that was no longer theirs. The slaves were now free (many of these men were slave owners) and carpetbaggers were coming from the North to take advantage of the southern people . They saw the opportunity to set the South back to what it had been. The Klan soon began to interrupt political rallies of the carpetbaggers by the dozens. Showing off the power of the KKK. People often fled the rallies out of fear. As their influence progressed they realized the things they could do and the possibilities of the Klan. They would steal victims' possessions, beat them and usually would kill them. These murders that took place were known as lynchings. They would drag the person to the center of the town and hang them in front of everyone.? This method was very effective, people feared it would happen to themselves if they had anything to do with the carpetbaggers or blacks. At the beginning the cause was necessary because of the strict, and unfair policies of the republicans. Things had became uneven in southern society yet again, uneven in favor of the African American, and as time progressed so did the brutality of the KKK. The murder, the killing, the lynching, the dragging across state lines were all common practices among the KKK during the late 1850's and throughout the 1860's. The KKK started in Tene ssee and this was where the Klan expanded the most out of all the other souther states, and it is was also the most violent chapter of the KKK. In 1868 was really when havoc began to occur in the most brutal ways. Their sudden descent into terrorism is a product of the group getting away from the control of the leadership. Much of the brutal activities of the Klan were done without the knowledge of the leaders. The Klansmen must have enjoyed their brutalities to go above and beyond the duty that was asked of them. Their were several occasions were leaders would step in and try to restore order amongst their fellow Klansmen. In June of 1868 the Grand Giant of Maury County, Tennessee secretly reorganized his Klan to root out the disorderly members. On top, of the rooting out he issued a public