Thursday, December 26, 2019
How to Separate Salt and Water
Have you ever wondered how you could purify seawater to drink it or how you could separate salt from water in saltwater? Its really very simple. The two most common methods are distillation and evaporation, but there are other ways to separate the two compounds. Separate Salt and Water Using Distillation You can boil or evaporate the water and the salt will be left behind as a solid. If you want to collect the water, you can use distillation. This works because salt has a much higher boiling point than water. One way to separate salt and water at home is to boil the salt water in a pot with a lid. Offset the lid slightly so that the water that condenses on the inside of the lid will run down the side to be collected in a separate container. Congratulations! Youve just made distilled water. When all of the water has boiled off, the salt will remain in the pot. Separate Salt and Water Using Evaporation Evaporation works the same way as distillation, just at a slower rate. Pour the salt water into a shallow pan. As the water evaporates, the salt will remain behind. You can speed up the process by raising the temperature or by blowing dry air over the surface of the liquid. A variation of this method is to pour the salt water onto a piece of dark construction paper or a coffee filter. This makes recovering the salt crystals easier than scraping them out of the pan. Other Methods to Separate Salt and Water Another way to separate salt from water is to use reverse osmosis. In this process, water is forced through a permeable filter, causing the concentration of salt to increase as the water is pushed out. While this method is effective, reverse osmosis pumps are relatively expensive. However, they can be used to purify water at home or when camping. Electrodialysis can be used to purify water. Here, a negatively-charged anode and a positively-charged cathode are placed in water and separated by a porous membrane. When an electric current is applied, the anode and cathode attract the positive sodium ions and negative chlorine ions, leaving behind the purified water. Note: this process does not necessarily make the water safe to drink, since uncharged contaminants may remain. A chemical method of separating salt and water involves adding decanoic acid to salt water. The solution is heated. Upon cooling, salt precipitates out of the solution, falling to the bottom of the container. The water and decanoic acid settle into separate layers, so the water can be removed. Sources Fischetti, Mark (September 2007). Fresh from the Sea. Scientific American. 297 (3): 118–119. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0907-118Fritzmann, C; Lowenberg, J; Wintgens, T; Melin, T (2007). State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination. Desalination. 216 (1–3): 1–76. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009Khawaji, Akili D.; Kutubkhanah, Ibrahim K.; Wie, Jong-Mihn (March 2008). Advances in seawater desalination technologies. Desalination. 221 (1–3): 47–69. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.067
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Exploring The Cost Of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay - 1750 Words
Exploring the Cost of Hydraulic Fracturing in Colorado: What are the potential effects of the Tres Rio 2016 Oil and Gas Lease/Sale on Montezuma County s public health, ecological communities, and economic stability? Introduction Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a technique often administered by oil and gas companies in order to create fissures within subsurface shale formations. After a site is established, the initial step entails breaking through the soil and stone via a bit placed at the end of a drill. As the drill moves through the rock layers, it utilizes air pressure to drive fragmented rocks to the surface.The drill ceases immediately after it comes into contact with the first indication of fresh water. Once the drill is removed, cement is incorporated into the drilled hole in an effort to prevent contamination of the water source and as a safety measure. Secondary steps require a perforated gun producing high-magnitude electrical currents to be introduced down the wellbore (oil field terminology pertaining to a hole generated from oil/gas exploration), helping drive holes into the cement and ultimately enabling a channel for gas flow. The gun is then removed. Under high pressure, the drill pumps a solution of water, sand, and chemicals into the established site, allowing the gas (methane) to be released and stored. Finally, a pipeline constructed from the storage space to the consumer market supplies the gas as an energy source. Radioactive waste water alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hydraulic Fracturing On The Environment1622 Words  | 7 Pages Hydraulic Fracturing is a process which uses water to crack rock formations as a means to extract natural gas or oil. 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Geothermal, wind, solar, hydroelectricRead MoreStrategic Decision Making Process Adopted By Exxonmobil Corporation3456 Words  | 14 Pagesglobally †¢ The growth abilities and state of the art research facilities †¢ Strong oil and gas reserves †¢ Reduction in the financial performance in recent year †¢ Emergencies and litigation issues †¢ Reduction in liquidity †¢ Upward trend on production cost OPPORTUNITIES THREATS †¢ Increased new oil and gas ventures – global likely emerging discoveries †¢ Rising demand for energy sources-oil and gas †¢ Unconventional oil and gas resources. †¢ Upstream and downstream development creativities †¢ Changing environmentalRead MoreEnergy And Other Natural Resources1935 Words  | 8 Pagesof energy to power the machines that would automate tasks that were once done by humans (Owen et al. 2010). Energy sources such as oil and natural gas, produce significantly larger amounts of energy than the outgoing technologies. Additionally, exploring for, developing, and extracting the energy resources demanded new technologies and exploration techniques. Oil Crude oil is a non-renewable resource extracted from the Earth and used in energy production (as well as other sectors.) Two types
Monday, December 9, 2019
The Great Encounter of China and the West free essay sample
The book The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800 was written by History Professor D.E.Mungello. His work provides us many information and ideas of the intercultural exchanges and interactions between Ming, Manchu and the West, through the last two dynasties of China. This book also shows us the acceptance and rejection of cultures, Christianity, and Confucianism of Chinese and Europeans. The book was divided into five chapters: (1) Historical Overview, (2) Chinese Acceptance of Western Culture and Christianity, (3) Chinese Rejection of Western Culture and Christianity, (4) European Acceptance of Chinese Culture and Confucianism, and (5) European Rejection of Chinese Culture and Confucianism. China, with its history of more than four thousand years, always has a great national spirit. In fact, if you travel to China even nowadays, it is not easy for you to find a person who can speak English fluently. Chinese people speak Chinese language all the time as it is their pride. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Encounter of China and the West or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the period between 1500 and 1800, the Western economy was in a strong and sustainable development with many technological achievements. At that time, Chinese people adopted many aspects of European culture and religion, however, they did not absorb totally. Chinese people still respected and preserved their national characters. The first arrival of the Europeans was like a new fresh breath of air to the Chinese. They were interested in Western lifestyle and thoughts. They found out a mutual fascination for each others culture and religion. They started to get along with and admire each other. However, the road to assimilation was very abrupt. The result was both China and Europe rejecting the other culture and religion. Both cultures were so eager and attracted by the similarities of their moral teachings and philosophies. Francis Xavier (1506-1552) was the founder of the Jesuit China mission, whose efforts were an inspiration to later Jesuits even though he was never able to penetrate into Mainland China. The Jesuit China mission played a significant role in the transmission of learning, science achievements, cultures, and religions between The West and China. Xavier’s successor- the most famous Jesuit was an Italian Father- Matteo Ricci, S.J. (1552-1610.) He arrived in Macau in 1582 and then became one of the founders of who led the Jesuit missionary movement in China at the end of the sixteen century. Matteo visited Zhaoqing and here he drew the very first world map in Chinese by using European Cartography. Its use of Jesuit accommodation was shown in placing China near the center of the map, thereby accommodating the Sinocentric view of their country as the Middle Kingdom (Zhongguo.) Ricci was then allowed to enter the Forbidden City by the Ming Emperor- he became the very first Westerner who could have this special favor. Ricci had many opportunities to contact with many Chinese literati and he himself admired a lot of aspects of Chinese culture and nature, such as the enormous size, its populace, the diversity of its crops, its favorable climate, the industry of its people, and its Confucian morality. However, he was very critical of Buddhist and Daoist monks. As of the rules, they are not allowed to get married or have sexual interactions. That was why later Ricci changed his mind to the Chinese literati and Confucian scholars. Ricci also disagreed with the slavery system of China at that time. During three centuries, many of religions from Europe had sent over their missionaries to China.
Monday, December 2, 2019
Kkk Essays - White Supremacy In The United States,
Kkk The big responsibility of cleansing the United States of people that are different, different being anyone who is not a white Aryan Christian, has been placed upon the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) takes it upon themselves to take part in ethnic cleansing. The KKK will not speak out and come to agreements on peaceful terms. Instead, they feel they must wreak havoc, and carnage to those who they feel need it. The Ku Klux Klan began almost accidentally during the reconstruction period after the Civil War in the South. The southern people had suffered greatly from the effects of the war. Many of which had lost their homes, plantations, loved ones, and whatever possessions they might have had. These people needed to escape from the troubles of everyday life and take matters into their own hands and fix the problems. They needed to teach lessons to the Republicans and people from the north trying to take over their way of life (commonly called carpet baggers). They needed to teach the Negroes who their master was and who their master would always be, by using whatever means necessary to make sure their point of view was completely understood. In 1865, six men from a small town in Tennessee decided to make a club to help release the stresses of the times. The men were really poor and could not afford to make gowns or great costumes for the group, so they decided to use linens. They wore the linens over their backs and put pillowcases on their heads . They also draped the linens over their horses. The Ku Klux Klan was ready to ride for the first time. In the beginning, the men wanted to do nothing more than play pranks on people to put fear into those who fear needed to be brought to, specifically the infesting African American population, and carpetbaggers. They felt as though the South had turned into a place that was no longer theirs. The slaves were now free (many of these men were slave owners) and carpetbaggers were coming from the North to take advantage of the southern people . They saw the opportunity to set the South back to what it had been. The Klan soon began to interrupt political rallies of the carpetbaggers by the dozens. Showing off the power of the KKK. People often fled the rallies out of fear. As their influence progressed they realized the things they could do and the possibilities of the Klan. They would steal victims' possessions, beat them and usually would kill them. These murders that took place were known as lynchings. They would drag the person to the center of the town and hang them in front of everyone.? This method was very effective, people feared it would happen to themselves if they had anything to do with the carpetbaggers or blacks. At the beginning the cause was necessary because of the strict, and unfair policies of the republicans. Things had became uneven in southern society yet again, uneven in favor of the African American, and as time progressed so did the brutality of the KKK. The murder, the killing, the lynching, the dragging across state lines were all common practices among the KKK during the late 1850's and throughout the 1860's. The KKK started in Tene ssee and this was where the Klan expanded the most out of all the other souther states, and it is was also the most violent chapter of the KKK. In 1868 was really when havoc began to occur in the most brutal ways. Their sudden descent into terrorism is a product of the group getting away from the control of the leadership. Much of the brutal activities of the Klan were done without the knowledge of the leaders. The Klansmen must have enjoyed their brutalities to go above and beyond the duty that was asked of them. Their were several occasions were leaders would step in and try to restore order amongst their fellow Klansmen. In June of 1868 the Grand Giant of Maury County, Tennessee secretly reorganized his Klan to root out the disorderly members. On top, of the rooting out he issued a public
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. The WritePass Journal
The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. Abstract Risk RecognitionsRisk Descriptions  Problems/Events of web software designing risks:1)     Inappropriate Designing:2)     Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning:3)     Inadequate quality attributes verification and user satisfaction:  Risk Impact and Probability Ranking:Extenuation and Eventuality PlansRisk Extenuation/Mitigation Planning: Eventuality/Contingency Planning:  Inappropriate Required Statements:Wrong Cost Estimation:High stress of users than expectation:Lack of use of Advanced Technology: Lack of use of training on Equipments Inexperienced Staff:Budgetary Prepositions of Mitigation and Contingency Plans:1)   Web designing risk:                                                                                                                                                                                2)   Scheduling and budgetary planning risk:                                                                                                                                                                                3)  Quality and User Satisfaction Risk:                                                                                                                                                                                  RISKIT Analysis Graph: 1)   Web Designing Strategy:                                                                                                       2)  Scheduling and Budgetary Planning :                                                                                                                                               3)   Quality attributes Customer Satisfaction:                                                                         Valuable Risk Management Lifecycle:Appendix B: ReferencesRelated Abstract The delivery of comprehensive web software designing projects within the desired financial and quality attributes can be delayed on time due to the organizational problems, high rate of complexity and variable risks impacts in software project. The supervision and development process of web software designing is more difficult. So, it is important that to specify and investigate these software risks within the proper assessment and management. In this paper, the analysis and assessment of these risks should be done by the using of probabilistic measurements. This analysis should be useful for the qualitative and quantitative measurements of risk in the web designing and implementation of effective risk management process.  Risk Recognitions Risks are future unsure tasks with a likelihood of incidents and a prospective for failure. Risk classification and management are the major anxiety in every software project. The effectual analysis of software risks assessment will be helpful for the competent planning and tasks of effort to classify risk attributes. There are aspects of risks in web software designing project, internal and external risks. The internal risks should be related to the risk issues within the organization and external risks are out of the organization and these are complicated to handle in project. A web software projects also have a high degree of uncertainty due to the explicit requirements from end users side and modified technical qualities. So, the critical factors or risks that’s could affect the change of project phases and establishment area are as follows, Inappropriate designing, Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning, Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning and Ina dequate quality attributes verification and user satisfaction. The flow diagram of web software risks are given below Risk Descriptions The purpose of the risk descriptions study is to explore the risk predilection on the effectiveness of project software. The different level of risks planning and strategy is an important parameter that’s having a variable affects on project establishment/firm. So, the low level of risk strategies affects the expected outcomes due to unpredicted events. While high level of risk strategies should provide higher profitable outcomes. The different aspects and methodologies of risk specifications/Descriptions are as follows   Problems/Events of web software designing risks: The following events or problems of the web designing risks are as follows 1)     Inappropriate Designing: Incessant varying constraints A lack use of advanced technology Complexity in Implementation section Complicated project modules assimilation Failure to address priority inconsistency Failure to admit the responsibilities Inappropriate instructions, scheduling and communication between team members 2)     Impracticable scheduling and budgetary planning: Inadequate information of software tools A lack of project estimations Sluggish management life cycle Lack of budgetary resources Inadequate knowledge about technical equipments Inappropriate security plans Inadequate documentation of designing methodology 3)     Inadequate quality attributes verification and user satisfaction: Lack of observation and unrealistic changing Inadequate budgetary plans Wrong time changing in technology and management process Failure in financial planning A lack of commitment between end users and software developer Lack of project definitions and attributes Varying customer invention policies and priorities   Risk Impact and Probability Ranking: The probability and impact array shows a risk rating task for the identification of risks. Then each risk is rated according to its probability of incidence and impact upon purposes. The overall assessment of risk impact ranking show that the appropriate services level within the project is affected or stable. Risk: It is the product of probability and impact factor Risk=Likelihood  Impact influence Probability: The chance of the risks/events occurring or not Impact: The outcomes/end result if the risk should be occurred The risk impact matrix definitions are Impact Criteria Impact Explanation Crucial (C) If the risk actions is occurred then project will collapse Severe (S) If the risk actions is occurred then project will be encounter, main portion of expenditure is increases Modest (Mo) If the risk events is happened then the project will be encounter, a modest portion of project expenditure is increases Minor (Mi) If the risk actions is occurred then the project will be encounter, a minute portion of project cost is increases Negligible (N)  If the risk actions is occurred then nothing will be changed in project expenditure (Fig.2) The probability chart/array definitions are Probability Criteria Probability (%) Explanation 0-20 Rare chances that risk will occur 21-40 Improbable the risk will occur 41-60 Even Probably the risk will occur 61-80 To be expected that risk will occur 81-100  Extremely that risk will occur (Fig-3) The table of risk awareness area and risk conditions of the project gives the impact of risk occurrence which is useful to decide the overall efficiency of working. The table of risk impact in different dimensions is given below                                 Risk Severity Table Risk Numbering  Risks  Probability (%)  Impact  Intensity  (R1) Poor mission strategy and Targets 15 C Low   (R2) Poor decision-making Management Support 25 S Medium   (R3) Lack of Customers Participation 12 Mi Low   (R4) Lack of Technical Knowledge 40 C Medium   (R5) Unclear statement of requirements objectives 65 S High   (R6) Lack of project scheduling estimating 42 Mo Low  (R7) Lack of advanced Technology use 75 C High   (R8) Lack of Managerial Experience 62 Mo High  (R9) Lack of communication gap b/w staff members, stakeholders and end users 70 C Medium  (R10) Lack of budgetary Supply Planning 60 S High  (R11) Lack of key Stakeholders involvement 35 Mi Low  (R12) Customers unconvinced at project deliverance 40 Mo Medium (Fig-4) The risk impact and probability ranking graph/chart is based on the two fundamental dimensions of risk. In this graph, the risk that will be occurring is plotted on the abscissa (x-axis) and impact of risk on ordinate (y-axis). By the using of these two measures, risks are plotted on the graph. This scenario provides a swift and apparent vision of the priorities that should be needed in each stage. Then we decided that what contingency plans should be needed to handle and managed the meticulous risk areas. The fundamental structure of the risk impact and probability ranking graph is shown below Risk impact and Probability Ranking Graph                                                                                        (Fig.5)                 = Low                   = Medium = High Extenuation and Eventuality Plans Risk Extenuation/Mitigation Planning: The risk extenuation is the technical strategic/sub process of risk management to address the risks that occurred in an organization/project. The purpose of risk mitigation is to identify the risk factors in the organization and operational system, measure their effects and reduce these risk factors before the implementation of project. The risk mitigation is the systematic technique that used by the management team to minimize the risk factors and stabilized the project strategy and plans. The risk extenuation planning can be achieved by the using of following methodology options: Risk Postulation: In this, accept the risk with the consideration of eventuality planning and continue operating system of development to minimize the risk up to standard intensity. Risk Evading: In this, avoid the risk by the eradicating of risk factors and use alternative approaches to reduce the risk at lower level. Risk Mitigation: Reducing the probability and impact factors by the using of different methodologies and continually check the circumstances of risk conditions. It includes the appraisals, surveys, risk avoidance milestones etc. Risk Transference: In this, transfer the risk to other party when an opportunity of risk reduction is available. Risk Rescheduling: In this stage, rescheduling all portion of project strategy. So that risk level is less likely to take place.  Eventuality/Contingency Planning: The eventuality planning is logical approaches of risk management to identify the risk impacts that take place in project. The contingency strategy can be used before and after the occurrence of risks. The contingency planning should be reliable when the following aspects should be considered: Analyze which key risks are potential and jeopardize the project. Prioritize the risks in the conditions of their intensity. Analyze which risk events are under control and which ones are out of control. Evaluate the contingency planning on those risk events that are under the supervision of management team. The risk extenuation and eventuality planning flowchart is shown below (Fig.6) (Fig.6) Therefore the proposed extenuation and eventuality strategies of the selected risks within the project is as follow   Inappropriate Required Statements: This type of risk is a major factor that affects the project scheduling, quality attributes and budgetary plans. Such type of risk is preventable if the proper mitigation tasks should be utilized and these are 1)  Control the comprehensible understanding of stakeholder’s requirements. 2)  Built up the communication system and reduce the gap between customers and project members. 3)  Split up the end users into different categories according to their field of interest. 4) Deliver clear feasibility requirements to end users and stakeholders throughout project. 5) Provide a workshop of group based requirements and design technique to the end users, stakeholders and project members. Wrong Cost Estimation: Adequate cost estimation is the major problem in the web software planning process. The precise cost estimation is the valuable success factor in the software planning as well as in risk development cycle. The cost estimation of software planning depends upon three factors a) Individual exertion                                                                              b)  Time interval                                                                                          c)   Budgetary resources                                                                                                                                                                                 The mitigation and contingency strategies of such type risk are as follows 1)  Reduce the wrong cost estimation risk by the suitable selection of best cost estimation model in earlier time.                                                                                                                                                                                 2)  Use Empirical Cost Estimation (ECE) and Analytical model to minimize and control the inappropriate investment.                                                                                                                                                                                 3)  Provide an appropriate size method of conclusion b/w current and past projects.                                                                                                                                                                                4)  The selected cost estimation model and complexity of projects should be explained to the stakeholders.                                                                                                                                                                                 5)  Hire experienced cost estimators that avoid the complexity of project cost before starting.                                                                                        6)  When the duration of the project unknown then squeezed down the project activities into significant path.                                                                                         7) The project manager should visualize the cause of delay and discussed with stakeholders and team members for alternative route.                                                                                          High stress of users than expectation: Such type of the risk impact is avoidable and having a less impact intensity on overall progress. The behavior of end users in sometimes is variable and creates problems in the development of project. Their mitigation strategies are as follows 1) Built up the generous level of communication and understanding b/w customers and deliver clear features of requirements. Then the unrealistic stress b/w users and staff members are controlled.                                                                                         2)  Provide a non serviceable prototype to end users if they are overexcited in the progress of project.                                                                                                                                                                                 Lack of use of Advanced Technology: This type of the risk factor create a difficulties in operation section and such type of factor is occurred due to the following technical issues 1)  Inadequate sources of skilled equipments for explicit technology.                                                                                                                                                                                 2) Supplementary funding is required.                                                                                                                                                                                  3) Failure to evaluate the maintainability.                                                                                                                                                                                  4) Client conflicts for the technology.                                                                                                                                                                                  The mitigation strategy of such type of situations is as follows 1)  Select the appropriate use of technology according to the condition of project in the starting time so that all issues should be considers in mean time.                                                                                         2)   The association of best technology use should be carried out through the project.                                                                                                                                                                                The association of best technology use should be carried out through the project. 3)  The key stakeholders of the project should be familiar to the use unambiguous technology.                                                                                                                                                                                  Lack of use of training on Equipments Inexperienced Staff: The impact of such type of risk is minor and remunerated by the using of different techniques. The impact of such type of risk factor is not transferred to the next stages. But develop a short duration of delay. Their mitigation strategies are as follows 1)   If an appropriate funding is not available then project manager should negotiate with less experienced staff with supplementary training.                                                                                                                                                                               2)   The slack activities can be used in the next stage of training.                                                                                         3)   Select a careful consideration of staff member’s selection.                                                                                                                                                                      consideration of staff member’s selection. 4)   The experienced staff should be selected for significant task and they make sure that no delay is probable during the project process.                                                                                        Budgetary Prepositions of Mitigation and Contingency Plans: In this process, the budgetary analysis of all resources, implementation control of project aspects and possible mitigation contingency feasibility reports should be conducted for the purpose and establishment of financial circumstances. The budgetary prepositions analysis can be qualitative/quantitative and utilized for the purpose of risk reduction in different level of project stages. So, the Expected Monetary Vale (EMV) can be used for the measurements of budgetary prepositions of mitigation and contingency plans. (EMV) is the product of likelihood risk occurrence and monetary outcome of risk occurrence. Mathematically, It can be expressed as EMV=Probability (P)  Monetary Outcome (O) The EMV of the project can be calculated by using this expression P (EMV) =Project expenditure + Risk Impact cost Occasion probable cost Where Project expenditure: Preliminary estimated cost of the project Risk Impact cost: The cost for the reduction of probability/Impact of project risks              Occasion probable cost: The cost cover risk that occur during the project In this process, risk is directly proportional to cost and inversely proportional to profit. On other hand, the probable occasion is directly proportional to profit and inversely proportional to the cost.                            According to web designing process of project InterLinc, the budget descriptions for web server, internet services, client training, networking server, information support centre, quality assertion etc are given below Budget Summary Services Estimated Budget for Services ($) Quality Assurance 6500 Web Server Web Training 22000 Network Server 19800 Web Browser Access 38400 Telecommunication Services 45625 Customer Training Services 4456 Miscellaneous Services 14165 Total Cost 150946         (Fig -7) Now, the expected (EMV) of mitigation and contingency plans for the avoidance of risks from web software project is shown below EMV Budgetary Summary Risks No. Risk Conditions P (%) O ($) EMV ($) R1 Lack of use of Advanced Technology 0.75 67500 50625 R2 Lack of training on equipment Inexperience staff 0.65 4850 31528.9 R3 Wrong Cost estimation 0.42 58602 24612.84 R4 End users dissatisfaction 0.12 3560 427.2 R5 Inappropriate Supply requirements 0.55 21280 11704 Total 118897.94 (Fig-8) Risk Management Techniques The main objective of risk management techniques is to identify the potential/hazard risk factors on the point of view of their technical management aspects before they take place in the project. There is lots of techniques methodology that manage the risk factors within the project but we have to discuss only two of them. Ishikawa/Fishbone Diagram:                                                                                    Fishbone diagram is also called cause and effect diagram. This diagram are use to explain/analyze the causes and effects of risks that occur in the organization/project. The fishbone diagram for the effects and causes of risks within the project are given below 1)   Web designing risk:                                                                                                                                                                                (Fig.9) 2)   Scheduling and budgetary planning risk:                                                                                                                                                                                3)  Quality and User Satisfaction Risk:                                                                                                                                                                                  RISKIT Analysis Graph: The RISKIT Analysis Graph is a diagrammatical formulation that can be used to identify the different features of risk factors that are more officially. This method is look like a tool that provides a link of communication during risk mitigation and contingency planning.  The RISKIT Analysis Graph is useful for the decomposing of potential risks process into well defined elements. The diagram of their different elements are shown below The RISKIT Analysis Graph for the selected risk factors, causes and effects within the project are given below 1)   Web Designing Strategy:                                                                                                       2)  Scheduling and Budgetary Planning :                                                                                                                                               3)   Quality attributes Customer Satisfaction:                                                                         Valuable Risk Management Lifecycle: The risk management life cycle is designed for the quick response of risk in the organization/project. So, the valuable management lifecycle of the RISKIT Analysis Graph is given below Appendix A: Table of Figures               Figure 1: Risk Classification Figure 2: Impact Criteria Figure 3: Probability Criteria Figure 4: Risk Severity Figure 5: Risk Impact and Probability ranking graph Figure 6: Risk Mitigation Plan Figure 7 8: EMV Budgetary Summary Figure 9 to 11: Fishbone Diagram Figure 12 to 15: RISKIT Analysis Graph Figure 16: Risk Management Lifecycle Appendix B: References Kwak, Y Stoddard, J 2004, Project Risk Management,5th ed. Technovation: 915-920. Boehm, B.W 1991, Software Risk Management, New York: McGraw-Hill, Vol.41 pp. 32-41. Han, W Huang, S. 2007, An Empirical Analysis of Risk Components and Performance on Software Projects. Systems and Software, Vol.80, pp.42-50 Sengupta, B Chandra, S 2006, A Research Agenda for Distributed Software Development. Shanghai: ACM. pp. 731 – 740 Offut, J 2009: Quality Attributes of Web Software Applications, IEEE Software, vol19, pp. 25-32. Keshlaf, A Hashim, K 2000, A Model and Prototype Tool to Manage Software Risks, IEEE Computer Society. pp. 297–305. Charette, R 1989,Software Engineering Risk Analysis and Management, New York, McGraw-Hill. pp. 10-15. Sommerville, I 2004: Mitigating Risk with effective requirements, New Jersey, pp 12-28. Boehm, Barry W. 1997, Introduction to Software Risk Risk Management, viewed on 20 April 2011, baz.com/kjordan/swse625/intro.html. Booker, G.2003, Software Project Risk Management Organization, INFO 638, Lecture #2, Drexel Univ., viewed on 25April 2011, http://users.snip.net/~gbooker/INFO638/lect2.ppt. Hashemian, V.2003, The Riskit Method for Software Risk Management, Univ. of Waterloo, viewed on 6 May 2011, cs.uwaterloo.ca/~apidduck/CS846/Seminars/vahid.pdf. Hall, Elaine M 1998, Managing risk: methods for software systems development, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. Joyce Statz, Don Oxley Patrick OToole 1997, Identifying and Managing Risks for Software Process Improvement, Crosstalk, pp. 13-18.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
The Connotation of Opportunistic
The Connotation of Opportunistic The Connotation of Opportunistic The Connotation of Opportunistic By Maeve Maddox Thanks to reader Rob Wright for pointing out the problematic use of the word opportunistic. He offers two examples of its misuse: 1. A radio advertisement telling listeners, â€Å"now is an opportunistic time to invest in real estate.†2. A television host defending someone against the charge of â€Å"being opportunistic.†The host argued, â€Å"everyone should be opportunistic because it would be stupid to throw away opportunities.†The problem in both examples is that the word opportunistic is being used without regard to the word’s established negative connotations. opportunistic: Taking immediate advantage, often unethically, of any circumstance of possible benefit. (American Heritage) opportunistic: Exploiting opportunities with little regard to principle or consequences. (Merriam-Webster) The OED defines opportunistic as â€Å"involving, displaying, or characterized by opportunism.†and opportunism as â€Å"the practice or policy of exploiting circumstances or opportunities to gain immediate advantage with the implication of cynicism or lack of regard to principles.†This misunderstanding of the negative connotation of opportunistic is apparently widespread. An investing site has as its tagline: â€Å"Emphasizes an opportunistic, value-oriented and risk-controlled approach to investments.†A wrestler preparing for a match says, â€Å"I dont want to think too much in there. I want to be more opportunistic and let it flow.†A headline on another investment site exclaims, â€Å"The Intel of NFC: One ‘Ground Floor’ Stock Every Opportunistic Investor Should Snap Up Today.†Other sites, many of them having to do with antisocial behavior, employ opportunistic in its more usual sense. Bullieslack self-discipline, are egotistic, exploitative, rapacious, opportunistic, driven, reckless, and callous. (site with the title, â€Å"Coping with Stalking and Stalkers†) Narcissists are opportunistic. They can make a show of being generous but their generosity usually has strings attached. (Support site for people who have family members suffering from a personality disorder.) Several English words having to do with opportunity derive from the same Latin source as opportunistic: ob portum veniens, a term that referred to coming into a port, where opportunities for profit were to be found. opportune: adj. Appropriate or suitable for a particular action; fit, convenient. opportuneness: noun The fact or quality of being opportune (in various senses); timeliness. opportunely: adv. In an opportune manner; suitably, conveniently. These words lack the pejorative connotation of opportunistic. For example, the radio announcer might have said â€Å"now is an opportune time to invest in real estate.†The television host might reasonably admire people for acting opportunely when a profitable occasion presents itself. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowA While vs AwhileOne Scissor?
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Diversity Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Diversity Analysis - Case Study Example To deal with situations like that of Tyson's, a parent in-service program will be organized. This program will include education to parents about the children at risk where action is not taken when problems are first seen. The school will call medical specialists including several psychologists that would clearly explain the importance of treatment of these symptoms early on n the lives of the children so that they can live a normal and health life. The most important objective of this parent in-service program would be to convince the parents to allow certain actions to be taken when these problems are identified and that it is not a cause of alarm for the parents as everything will end up fine if timely action is taken. Tyson is a new second grade student at Kanner Elementary School, considered to be the best elementary school in the district. He previously attended a private school and is having problems adjusting in his new class. His teacher has informed the principal about the kinds of difficulties Tyson is facing, and has asked for proper guidance to the way he should be handled. The principal has been at her designation for the last two years and never had any administration experience before that. Kanner Elementary School contains children having a variety of ethnic backgrounds, and houses a large population of children from poor families. The community is very supportive to the school. Tyson's father thinks that there is nothing wrong with his son, although a neurologist diagnosed him as having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. He was not cooperative with the principal of either this school or the previous one. He might come to the school with his wife for a conference, and they bot h think Tyson might again need a change of school. (Ubben; Hughes; Norris, 2001) 2) Identify the problem in a single sentence. Tyson is having difficulties adjusting in his new class but his father is not at all helpful in changing this fact, and wants to change his school a second time. 3) Select significant information and categorize it according
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Sotfware Trends Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Sotfware Trends - Coursework Example More consumers are using tablets due to their portability and efficiency, and this pressurizes companies to accommodate the change (Gartner Group, 2015). Additionally, Gartner Group suggests that infinite data centers are emerging companies therefore should analyze asset use and support upgrades rather that considering fresh recycle. It is agreeable that energy management is a worrying concern because the rate of consumption of energy does not match the rate of production. There is a need to have energy information management systems to balance energy production and consumption. In the future, the increase in the use of mobile devices will make portals, data centers, and personal clouds shrink. Gartner Group further predicts integration of hybrid clouds in both the public and private systems. Fabric data centers integrating many common IT elements will also emerge to enjoy pooling of resources globally. The Increase in functionality causes the nature of the technology become more sophisticated than before. The future of software packages is in the â€Å"clouds.†Software applications will offer customer access to online platforms. The applications will have boundaries that empower customers in their interaction with production companies in facilitating reverse logistics. As organizations evolve, they face the challenge of acquiring sufficient and reliable storage space for their data. The problem will call for the creation of software that can handle massive data (Fujita & Gavrilova, 2011). In conclusion, users expect real-time solutions and more user-friendly software with improved interaction with humans, and this is the preview of what the future world of software development holds in store. Gartner Group, (2015). 10 Tech Trends Through 2015. Photo Gallery. Retrieved 13 April 2015, from http://www.information-management.com/gallery/gartner-cloud-storage-big-data-
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Profit Maximization Essay Example for Free
Profit Maximization Essay Details Pixie ( £ per unit) Elf ( £ per unit) Queen ( £ per unit) King ( £ per unit) Selling Price 111 98 122 326 Variable Costs: Direct Materials 25 35 22 25 Direct Labor 5 5 5 5 Variable Overheads 17 18 15 16 47 58 42 46 Contribution 64 40 80 280 Type 1 Labor 8 6 Type 2 Labor 10 10 Type 3 Labor 5 25 Contribution per type 1 labor 8 6.67 Contribution per type 2 labor 8 28 Contribution per type 3 labor 16 11.2 Details Ranking Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Pixie 1 N/A N/A Elf 2 N/A N/A Queens N/A 2 1 King N/A 1 2 Planned Production Schedule Elf = no production (no hours of type 1 labor available) King = 1,000 units (full production) Queen = no production (no hours of type 3 labor available) Profit Statement Pixie ( £ per unit) King ( £ per unit) Total ( £ per unit) Sales 111,000 326,000 437,000 Variable Costs: Direct Materials 25,000 25,000 50,000 Direct Labor 40,000 175,000 215,000 Variable Overhead 17,000 16,000 33,000 Total Variable Costs 82,000 216,000 298,000 Contribution 29,000 110,000 139,000 Fixed Costs 15,000 Net Profit 124,000 Direct Labor King: Type 2 = 1,000 units x 10 hours per unit x  £5 =       £50,000 Type 3 = 1,000 units x 25 hours per unit x  £5 =       £125,000 Total Direct Labor Cost                                            £175,000 b) Under instances of limiting factors, like labor in this case, profit maximization is determined by deducing the production that will provide the highest contribution per limiting factor (Drury C. 1996, p 265). This is based on the premise that optimum utilization of resources will stem from producing the products that provide the highest profit in terms of the limited resource used. The main limitation of the aforementioned approach is that it solely considers financial factors. In a business environment, there are qualitative features, which also significantly affect the organization. For instance, products Elf and Queen might be loss leaders. These are products, they generate low profits and sometimes-even losses, but are key variables in boosting the sales of other products (Kotler P. et al 2004, p 378). For example, blank CDs and DVDs generated few profits to retailers of computer equipment. However, they attract clients, who may eventually purchase hardware products that generated greater income. References:  Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press. Kotler P.; Armstrong A. (2004). Principles of Marketing. Tenth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education Incorporation.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Fact Sheet on Imperial Russia in 1914 :: Russian History
Landforms †¢ the European side is mostly flat plains †¢ the Ural Mountain and several large rivers (Volga, Ob, Yenisey, Lena) run in a south-north direction †¢ much of the Asian side (west of the Ural) is in the tundra zone †¢ high mountain ranges along the Mongolian border and in the far east of the country Climate †¢ the largest country in the world. †¢ extreme temperate conditions: temperatures below freezing for several months, although it can get very hot in the summer †¢ most of the ports freeze in wintertime, living the country with only limited year-round access to important sea routes Resources †¢ rich soil and grazing land in most places in the European side †¢ coal and iron accessible in the European part †¢ huge mineral wealth in the Asian part (gold, diamond, oil, iron and heavy metals, etc.) – hard to access People †¢ population is about 174 million, the second largest in the world after China, with a 50% population rise between 1860 and 1914 †¢ about four fifth of the population lived in the European part, †¢ about 80% of them peasants, had been owning small pieces of land since 1861 †¢ the Tsar, Nicholas the II, was an autocratic ruler †¢ most of the population lived in poverty. †¢ most of the land was owned by the church and a few noble families, the nobility accounting for 1% of the population owned 25% of the land †¢ poor education system, only a selected few could read and write †¢ disease and starvation was common †¢ only 40% of the people are Russian-speaking Comment Russia, the world’s largest country, covered one sixth of the planet’s total landmass (Warnes, 1999), excluding Antarctica. The country had a huge wealth of resources, most located in hardly accessible or completely inaccessible parts of Siberia. The European coal and iron mines supported and increasingly powerful iron industry. The Trans-Siberian Railway completed in 1904 did not make mining of these resources much easier. The roads in Siberia were muddy and impassable for most of the summer season. The flooding rivers made east-west travels and transportation very difficult. Most routes were open only in the winter, when the harsh conditions made movement of people and goods tough. As a result, the country could not enjoy the benefits of the available mineral resources. Although home to the world’s second largest population, the 174 million people were not united. Only 40% belonged to the â€Å"motherland†, the rest was made up almost 20 different other nationalities and several other smaller groups. Most people lived below the standards of other European nations.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
African-American History
African-American history Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois had contrasting views on how to deal with the problems facing American-Americans. Which was superior in dealing with these conflicts? Booker T. Washington and WEB Du Bois are perhaps the two most important and influential African-American's of the late nineteenth century and they both played pivotal roles in the Civil Rights movement. However, as the question suggests, they also had very contrasting political beliefs when it came to impacting the African-American movement.To fully understand where the two leaders had similarities and contrasts in their political views, I will first study Washington's contributions to the African-American cause, and the reasons behind his choices. Focus will then shift to Du Bois' views and his main criticisms of Washington, and whether these criticisms were valid or not. To understand the methods and reactions of Washington and Du Bois it is first essential to understand the backgroun d they were functioning in.During the late nineteenth century, when Washington and Du Bois were at their peak, Reconstruction had failed and life for many African-American's was considerably worse then it had been before the American Civil War and the abolishment of slavery. African-American's found themselves in the worse paid jobs in both rural areas, where they were exploited by an unfair sharecropping system, and in more urban areas, where the industrial revolution was beginning to take hold. Segregation was also rapidly moving throughout American society being reinforced in 1896 by the Plessy vs.Fergusoncase where it was decided that segregation was constitutional under the argument that it was â€Å"separate but equal†. More worryingly, during this time the number of African-Americans falling victim to lynching was rapidly growing. Due to these worsening conditions many African-American leaders of the time developed a tolerating attitude towards the obvious oppression t here people were suffering, believing that outspoken protest would only make situations worse, and so instead they would appeal for aid from wealthy and influential whites and encourage African-Americans to â€Å"lift themselves by their bootstraps†[1].When looking at the background context it becomes clear why Washington and Du Bois had differing views when it came to Civil Rights. Washington had been born a slave in the South and grew up poorly fed and clothed and was denied an education. Growing up in the South Washington would have had first hand experience with the sort of discrimination many African-American's were faced with at the time and would have also understood the real fear many African-American's had of lynching.With this in mind it can be seen why Washington would have been more cautious in his methods of progressing Civil Rights. Du Bois by contrast was born a freeman in the North and didn't suffer discrimination until he entered higher education, and so it i s understandable why he would not have had the same reservations as Washington when it came to a more radical approach to dealing with the oppression of African-Americans. Washington's work for the African-American race can be most clearly seen when looking at the Tuskegee Institution, which still exists today.The school opened in July 1881 and was at the outset only space rented from a local church, with only one teacher, that being Washington. The following year Washington was able to purchase a former plantation, which became the permanent site of the school, and the students themselves erected and fitted the buildings, as well as growing their own crops and rearing their own livestock. While the Tuskegee Institute did offer some academic training for teachers, its main focus was on providing practical skills needed to survive in rural areas, such as carpentry and modern agricultural techniques.It can be argued that this more vocational slant towards teaching was damaging in the progression of African-American rights, however Washington believed that to become socially equal to whites, African-Americans must first become economically equal and show that they are responsible American citizens, who had something to offer society. Also, it can be argued that the practical teaching of the Tuskegee Institute was far more beneficial for the time than academic teaching would have been. The Institute is also a good example of why perhaps Washington had some merit with his views of appeasement.Washington was able to use his friendship with powerful white men to help finance the school and even got ex-slave owners, such as George W. Campbell, to support the new school. Without this aid it is unlikely that the Tuskegee Institute would have ever evolved from a small rented room into the huge institution that it is today. While the Tuskegee Institute showcased Washington's views on education the Atlanta Expedition Address illustrated what he supposedly believed African- American's place in society should be. Washington delivered the ddress in 1895, and was designed to â€Å"cement the friendship of the races and bring about hearty cooperation between them†[2]. Washington's main purpose with the Atlanta Address was to help achieve a realistic settlement between Southern Whites, Northern Whites and the African-American community in a time when race relations were only getting worse. Washington was no doubt anxious not to antagonise the white population who held African-American's at their mercy, and so he â€Å"urged blacks to remain in the South, work at the ‘common occupations of life', and accept the fact of white supremacy†[3].When addressing the white population in his speech Washington reassured them that African-American's had no intention or interest in securing social equality, that all they required was economic cooperation, â€Å"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as th e hand in all things essential to mutual progress†[4]. The work Washington did for African-American crossed over into the twentieth century with the creation of the National Negro Business Leaguein 1900.The aim of the League was to help promote and further the commercial and financial development of African-American business [5], not only in the South but also the North of America. The creation of the League empathized Washington's belief that to become socially equal to whites that African-American's must first become economically equal. However it can be argued that the League held little importance when considering African-American business as it did little to assist, but that it allowed Washington to have a â€Å"stronghold†of men in every black population of importance [6].Compared to Washington Du Bois political views can be seen as being quite radical for the social climate of the time. Du Bois probably had more radical views because of his different background , as he didn't have a history of slavery and did live in fear of lynching the way many African-American's did at the time. However, Du Bois did share some similarities in thought with Washington, for example Du Bois also believed that African-American's needed to help bring themselves out of social inequality.However, unlike Washington, Du Bois believed that African-American's needed leadership from a college-educated elite and that simple vocational education wasn't enough to elevate the position of African-American's in society, â€Å"Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools – intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it – this is the curriculum of that Higher Education which must underlie true life.On this foundation we may build bread winning, skill of hand and quickness of brain, with never a fear lest the child and man mistake the means of living for the object of li fe†[7], Du Bois set out the ideas of an elite group of African-American's teaching other African-American's in his â€Å"The Talented Tenth†article, the idea being that there was one in ten African-American's, the talented tenth, was capable of becoming an influential leader, who would lead other African-American's to a better future.Du Bois had many criticism of Washington, many of which he set out in an essay in 1903 titled â€Å"Of Mr Booker T Washington and Others†. Du Bois felt that Washington focused too much on vocational education and that â€Å"his educational program was too narrow†[8]. This particular criticism no doubt evolved from Du Bois' own education which was wide and varied, and his more privileged background which allowed him the luxury of exploring avenues of education that wouldn't directly lead to work. Du Bois also believed that Washington's methods and arguments â€Å"practically accepts the alleged inferiority of the Negro races †[9].This criticism is almost entirely valid as Washington himself stated that African-Americans should accept White Supremacy in his Atlanta Expedition Address, and while it is doubtful that Washington himself saw the African-American race as inferior, he did little to try and convince the general population otherwise. Washington urged African-American's to earn security through economic means and technical skills, and he put little importance on higher education and political and social rights, believing that they would follow naturally from economic freedom.However Du Bois argued that this approach would lead to many African-American's living below the poverty line, because he believed that it was impossible for most people to gain economic rights and freedoms when they were unequal socially. Du Bois also clashed with Washington due to their differing political ideologies. While Washington championed capitalist ideals, Du Bois, who became a leading Black Marxist, felt that any social freedoms gained by economic progress would make the African-American population into dishonest money makers [10].Du Bois' Marxist views came into play with other disparagements he had with Washington, most apparent in 1903 when Du Bois tried to prove Washington was using â€Å"hush money†to control the African-American press, to make sure his own views were the more favoured in print [11]. To some degree Du Bois' criticisms of Washington were valid, as Washington did little to resolve the social issues that plagued the African-American race, so as not to seem controversial or threatening to the white population. However, when looking at the backgrounds of the two leaders it becomes obvious why they had such opposing views.Washington had been born a Slave in the South and so he would naturally be more cautious and reserved when dealing with the white population as he knew the damage that a majority population could cause to African-American's. He matured in a time when the number of lynchings was ever growing, and so he would fully recognise and understand the fear most African-American's lived with. Du Bois by contrast, was born a freeman in the North, which was far more liberal and accepting than the South and so he didn't have a proper grasp of the everyday problems and anxieties many African-Americans' dealt with.It can also be argued that while Du Bois spent large amounts of his time criticising Washington, he actually did nothing practical to forward the progress of African-Americans' the way Washington did with the Tuskegee Institute. While Du Bois was Washington's most vocal and famous opponent, he was far from the only challenger. A black president of Atlanta University, John Hope, was vocal of his disagreement with Washington's Atlanta Address, stating in 1896 â€Å"I regard it as cowardly and dishonest for any of our coloured men to tell white people and coloured people that we are not struggling for equality.Now catch your breath , for I am going to say that we demand social equality†[12]. While this view was to be expected among Northern black leaders, Hope shattered the illusion that all African-American's in the South were willing to simply accept their lowered social status. William Monroe Trotter, editor of the Boston Guardian, was another of Washington's most unforgiving critics and claimed that â€Å"[Washington], whatever good he may do, has injured and is injuring the race more than he can aid it by his school.Let us hope that Booker Washington will remain mouth-closed at Tuskegee. If he will do this, all his former sins will be forgiven†[13]. Trotter's views are to some degree far harsher than Du Bois' were, but the general idea theme is the same, that Washington was not helping the African-American race by deemphasising the importance of social equality, and that he was in fact hindering to movement. Trotter also challenged Washington at a National Negro Business League meeting in Bo ston while Washington was giving a speech.Trotter posed a number of questions that challenged Washington and his views, before he was arrested. While Washington did not respond to the challenges, Trotter made his point and the incident was reported as â€Å"The Boston Riot†the next day in papers. As can be seen, Washington and Du Bois had to some degree very opposing views on how to handle and progress the African-American race. Washington put great empathise on vocational education that would give practical skills to African-American's living in the South.Rather than focus on social and political equality, Washington stressed the importance of economic advancement, believing that once the average African-American had the power of wealth that political and social freedoms and powers would follow. Washington felt there was great importance in appeasing the white majority, for the economic and political power it affording him in furthering the African-American cause and becaus e he lived in the turbulent South, where it was dangerous to be a radical black man.Du Bois' political ideas contrasted with Washington's idea of â€Å"appeasement†and he had a far more radical approach to Civil Rights. Du Bois didn't think that it was possible for African-American's to achieve economic equality before they had achieved social and political equality. Du Bois' more radical approach stems from his background, as he did not share the same fear as Washington and did not experience the same forms of racism. Bu Bois could afford to be more radical has he had not experienced slavery and his placement in the North meant that he did not share the fear of lynching that many in the South had.Du Bois also put more empathise on academic teaching and did not feel that Washington's vocational education would be useful in helping the progress of African-Americans. However, Washington and Du Bois did share some similarities in political thought. They both recognised the impo rtance of having the support of powerful white men, who could both finance and encourage their cause. While both Washington and Du Bois had good arguments for doing things in their particular ways, it is probably safe to say that neither had perfect strategies. Washington was too timid to argue for equality, and Du Bois had no practical ideas he could implement.It is fair to suggest that a mixture of their two views would have been the best way to progress the African-American cause, as Washington had practical methods of improved the average African-American's life, such as the Tuskegee Institute, and Du Bois was able to protest the obvious oppression that African-Americans' suffered.Bibliography American Memory from the Library of Congress, 2008, National Negro Business League, http://lcweb2. loc. gov:8081/ammem/amrlhtml/dtnegbus. html Fairclough, Adam, 2002, Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000, New York: Penguin Books Franklin, John H. Meier, August, 1982, Black Leaders of the Twentieth Century, Illinois: University of Illinois Press History Matters, 2006, Booker T. Washington Delivers the 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech, http://historymatters. gmu. edu/d/39/ History Matters, 2006, W. E. B. DuBois Critiques Booker T. Washington: Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others, http://historymatters. gmu. edu/d/40 TeachingAmericanHistory. org, 2008, The Talented Tenth by WEB Du Bois,http://teachingamericanhistory. org/library/index. asp? document=174 White, John,1985, Black Leadership in America 1895-1968, New York: Longman Inc.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Analysis of Colours and Human Response Towards User Dining Experiences
Chapter 1.0 Introduction THE WHY, WHAT, AND HOW OF AN ANALYSIS OF COLOURS AND HUMAN RESPONSE TOWARDS USER DINING EXPERIENCE IN MODERN KOPITIAM. 1.1 What is Colour? We all live in a universe where coloring material plays an of import function in our mundane life. Colour affects us in every facet of life. Everything we can see has a coloring material. Colour surrounds us, in our places, work, in nature, in infinite ; it is cosmopolitan were everything has a coloring material. Colour, or the construct of coloring material, can be approached from different subjects and different positions as we see because it is really diverse such as from cognizing that a fruit is mature to eat, to understanding how color can impact our tempers and how does the receiver really response to it. Colour is the belongings possessed by an object, infinite, or surfaces that produces different esthesiss on the oculus as a consequence of the manner the object reflects or emits visible radiation and how does the oculus recognizes while the encephalon interprets. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.colourtherapyhealing.com/colour/ ) Colour is merely light of different wavelengths and frequences and visible radiation is merely one signifier of energy that we can really see that is made up from photons surrounded by electromagnetic moving ridges of energy of which coloring material is merely a little portion. Each coloring material has its ain belongingss with its ain wavelength and frequence that forms the seeable spectrum of coloring material as we see it, which consist of seven chief colorss: violet, anil, blue, green, xanthous, orange and ruddy. The retinas in our eyes have 3 types of coloring material receptors in the signifier of cones. We can really merely detect three of these seeable colorss – ruddy – blue and green. These colorss are called linear primaries. It is our encephalons that interprets and mixed the three detected linear primaries: ruddy, bluish and green to make all of the other colors we see. The wavelength and frequence of visible radiation we see, besides influences the coloring material we see. Colour is made up of different wavelength and frequences with each coloring material has its ain peculiarly wavelength and frequence. Each coloring material can be measured in units of rhythms or moving ridges per second. The seven colorss of the spectrum all have changing wavelength and frequences ensuing different reading by the encephalon affects the manner human response towards colorss such as, ruddy is at the lower terminal of the spectrum and has a higher wavelength but lower frequence to that of Violet at the top terminal of the spectrum which has a lower wavelength and higher frequence. Hypothesis 1: Different types of coloring material used will impact the consumer’s perceptual experience and degree of satisfaction in modern kopitiam. Hypothesis 2: Different types of coloring material used will impact the consumer’s behaviour in modern kopitiam? 1.2 What Is Colour Psychology? How Does it Affect Human Response? Since coloring material is portion of our mundane life it is besides a portion of many scientific disciplines  – for illustration, natural philosophies, coloring material theory, and art as it can be introduced in assorted ways. The artist’s attack to color might be different from the physicist’s or the psychologist’s  – although the creative person is closer to the psychologist than he thinks. I would wish to present coloring material to you from the position point of psychological science. ( Mahnke 1996, p6 ) The psychologist Ulrich Beer wrote: Seldom, certainly, is the psychological portion of an visual aspect in nature so great as it is in the instance of coloring material. No 1 can meet it and remain impersonal. We are instantly, instinctively, and emotionally moved. We have sympathy or antipathy, pleasance or disapproval within us every bit shortly as we perceive colorss. ( Beer 1992, p11 ) Beer has concluded that primary psychological reaction we worlds have toward coloring material. Which psychological science is the scientific discipline that trades with the head, with mental and emotional procedures, with particular mention to behavior, provided it is understood that behavior includes ideas, feelings, and dreams  – anything a individual experiences. These experiences have their roots in witting, subconscious, and unconscious procedures. Coloring material is besides a portion of the witting, subconscious, and an experience that is built-in to human behaviour as we all know coloring material is widely known that coloring material has a really existent consequence on people. The right or incorrect pick of coloring material can do a large difference to the success of your concern and the messages that you are seeking to convey to your prospective clients or clients. While the use of coloring material in different juncture ensuing different result towards the resident that occupies it. For illustration what types of coloring material to utilize for kopitiams decor or furniture to assist increase customer’s satisfaction and dining experience? The pilot of this paper is to analyze how does color interplay between human response in a modern kopitiam to what extent does the coloring material used in a infinite affect the manner the resident feel because coloring material has an consequence on our head, organic structu re and emotions. It affects our temper and can act upon our behaviours and our physical and mental wellbeing as it normally happens subconsciously without us detecting. Chapter 2.0 Defining/Justification of Research 2.1 Define What is Kopitiam? What is Modern Kopitiam? 2.1.1 History A kopitiam is a traditional java store found in the Southeast Asia, chiefly functioning repasts and drinks. The word kopi is a Malay term for java and tiam is the Hokkien term for store. A traditional kopitiam can be found immensely in Malaysia, as it is in Singapore, kopitiams are usually found in about all residential countries every bit good as some industrial and concern territories in the state. Although most are an sum of little stables or stores, some may be reminiscent of nutrient tribunals, but however each stall has similar visual aspect and the same manner of signage. These stores are steeped in tradition and nostalgic memories of a water under the bridge age. Each store has its ain alone spirit and personality, but there are certain similarities shared by most. The ambiance in a kopitiam is unambiguously Malayan, intending that it blends several different civilizations. One similarity is the kopitiam tabular array and chairs. In general, the tabular arraies are marble topped and the chairs are made up of wood with unit of ammunition dorsums. There are other common characteristics of decor that identify this peculiar type of java store, even to person who has ne'er been indoors. The Menu The Kopitiam’s bill of fare typically feature simple nutrient offerings: a assortment of nutrients based on egg, toast, and kaya, plus hot drinks such as java and tea. Food served encompasses Malay, Chinese and Indian civilization and are prepared in the traditional manner to guarantee genuineness and gustatory sensation. Aside from the popular toast and hot drinks, frequenters can taste fortes and local delectations such as chau kuey tiao, curry laksa, nasi lemak, Kopitiam nutrients have become a portion of Malaysia’s culinary heritage, gastronomic bastions proudly enduring the old ages and altering life styles. Visit these old favourites non merely for their culinary offerings, but besides for the history that each serves up. 2.1.2 Development of Kopitiams Traditional Kopitiams The developments of kopitiams are in many ways closely related to the Hainanese migrators. The early Hainanese migrators who came to South East Asia in 1850’s as late migrators, the Hainanese were forced to happen employment in less moneymaking trades. During that period of clip when the Hainanese migrators arrived, the Hokkiens and Teochews, for case were already good entrenched in agribusiness and commercialism trade. Therefore, the Hainanese crafted a niche for themselves in the service sector, by working as cook male childs, servers or retainers in the local hotels, eating houses, bakeshops and bars and as cooks or domestic retainers for the affluent European and Peranakan families. At some point, some of them even work every bit canteen operators in the military base. While some the Hainanese migrators became involve in the kopitiam or ‘coffee shop’ concern as stall holders or helpers. In fact, the Hainanese community has been credited with presenting the kop itiam civilization into Malaysia. Many old Hainanese kopitiam operators recalled that in its olden yearss during the 1950s to 1970s kopitiams were really popular and caters to about everyone around Malaysia but as clip goes by there is a steady diminution in the figure of old manner traditional kopitiams in Malaysia during the twelvemonth of 1980s onwards. For many old manner kopitiam proprietors, their trade ends the minute they retire because a batch of them, their childs have been educated and are non willing to transport on the household concern and besides because of the worsening rate of people sing traditional kopitiams today as the economic system of our state gets better more and more shopping promenades were built and a batch of the younger coevalss no longer willing to see the traditional kopitiam because a batch of the bing kopitiam still uses the really traditional method of running it, ensuing hapless care in some kopitiam that turns off clients who visits particularly the younger coevalss. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bfsmagazine.com.my/index.php? option=com_content & A ; view=article & A ; id=1802: the-revival-of-the-kopitiam-culture- & A ; catid=228: articles & A ; Itemid=1524 ) New Age Kopitiams The popularity of the antique mercantile establishments along with society ‘s compulsion with nostalgia and increasing richness has led to the resurgence of these pseudo-kopitiams as we called modern kopitiam. The resurgence of the traditional civilization started in the early 2000’s with the debut of new age kopitiams. The resurgence of the old kopitiam civilization started in the early 2000s with the debut of new age kopitiams. The new kopitiams are fast-food mercantile establishments which are reminiscent of the old kopitiams in footings of decor, but are normally built in a more modern, hygienic puting such as a shopping promenade instead than in the traditional store house, providing chiefly for immature grownups. Modern kopitiams have retained the antique marble-topped tabular arraies, wooden chairs and chunky dishware, but now they are to be found in the cavernous air-conditioned shopping promenades. City-dwellers are rediscovering kopitiam menu. By and large, aside from the popular local nutrient, the new age kopitiams have a more extended bill of fare which includes a assortment of western culinary art entries. The new age kopitiam is a topographic point where they serves the nostalgic nutrient and drinks that we all still so fond of in a topographic point that exudes the subject of the old-styled java stores while adding some new turns of some comfy couchs and air conditioned country and still pull off to maintain the monetary value right in between the local kopitiam and the java giants. The thought hit it off instantly and now you can see these new age kopitiam distributing like wild fire through the power of franchising. The kopitiam commotion air current swept Malaysia since the center of last decennary and presently kopitiams have ventured abroad into China and Indonesia. This is how the development of the kopi civilization in Malaysia is, from the long standing pasts of kopitiam that our grandparents and their parents used to bask, though now dwindling down from its old glorifications, to the java giants invasion to Malaysia where tonss of young person couldn’t resist, and now to the new age kopitiam that is genuinely Malayan. These newer stores advertise and utilize modern selling patterns every bit good. However, they strive to make an atmosphere similar to that of a traditional store. 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Factors of Visual Impact Towards Our Site in Malaysian Context. Food and drinks plays an of import function in every day’s life and it could be found ubiquitously after the post-industrialisation epoch by the flourishing economic system. Since so, a batch of eating topographic point could be found in Malaysia that offers nutrient and drink to the community about. Due to the economic conditions were improved in Malaysia more and more of people tends to dine out as consumers are sing time-stressed life styles in the favor of dining out alternatively of eating in which causes a deficiency of clip or energy to fix breakfast, tiffin or even dinner with the rapid urbanisation construction that is go oning in Malaysia. Since so, consumer motivations of ingestion had shifted from run intoing our basic nutritionary demands to a more enjoyable experience such as modern kopitiam which had evolve from the really traditional kopitiam we had over the traditional shophouses back yearss in Malaysia. The development of atmospheric eating-places has gained more involvement among kopitiam proprietor to pull clients who seek exceeding and extraordinary topographic points for leisure. This study concluded consumer’s perceptual experiences of the environments that interplay between worlds and their milieus to accomplish a entire antiphonal insides colour consequence. Food and colorss are frequently perceived together with ocular cues as coloring material is non a belongings object, infinites, or surfaces ; it is a esthesis caused by different wavelength received by our eyes. Therefore, coloring material is a wavelength of visible radiation that an object either generates or reflects. Schaie and Heiss note that short-wavelength colorss, what we commonly name the warm colors ( ruddy, orange, and yellow ) , are extremely eliciting ( although non needfully delighting ) even across different age groups and civilizations. While longer wavelength colorss ( blues and leafy vegetables ) have a appeasement loosen uping consequence. These so called cool colorss have been identified as the most pleasant to the bulk of people, whereas xanthous, although arousing, is the least favoured coloring material, particularly when it has a light-green shade. The consequence of coloring material response towards consumers behavioral in modern kopitiam is the major compo nent explored in this paper and this leads to inquiries on how this component supports consumer’s dining experience and to analyze the theory of color look how does it relates of different colorss being used in the interior infinite affect the diner’s behaviour through psychological manifestations like eating behaviour and subjective experiences beside other more physical responses. Decision There are many grounds why things are the coloring material they are, but chiefly it is due to the soaking up and the sprinkling belongingss of the stuff being different from that of the incoming wavelengths of the visible radiation that illuminate it. As a farther illustration: we see green foliages or grass as being green because foliages and grass ( and other green workss ) use Chlorophyll to alter visible radiation into energy. Because of its nature and chemical make-up, Chlorophyll absorbs the blue and ruddy colors of the spectrum and reflects the green. The viridity is reflected back out to the spectator doing the grass and leaves appear green. Following on briefly to how we see color†¦ the rods and cones of the oculus pick up on the peculiar wavelength and frequence of green and direct the message to the encephalon. Similarly a mature tomato is ruddy because it reflects beams from the ruddy terminal of the spectrum and absorbs beams from the bluish terminal.
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